Evolution of the diagnosis of erectile dysfunction

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Abstract

The third millennium marked an increase in interest in the quality of human life and well-being. Human sexual health has become an integral part of a harmonious life. Great interest in the problem of erectile dysfunction is due to the increase in the number of patients with this pathology in the world. Many scientific studies have made progress in understanding the physio logy of erection. Starting its development from an objective examination, questioning, assessment of psychological history, the diagnosis of erectile dysfunction has stepped to new heights, such as multislice dynamic pharmacocavernosography using 3D modeling and positron emission tomography in combination with visual sexual stimulation or erectogenic pharmacological stimuli. The article presents data on the historical aspects of the study of erectile dysfunction and trends in the development of its diagnosis from ancient times to the present day. The main instrumental research methods that are actively used to diagnose the disease at the present time are described.

About the authors

Evgenii V. Volokitin

M.A. Podgorbunsky Kuzbass Сlinical Hospital of Emergency Medical Care

Email: evgvolokitin82@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1769-7759
SPIN-code: 5220-2678

head of Urological Unit

Russian Federation, Kemerovo

Pavel S. Kyzlasov

State Research Center of Russian Federation — Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center

Author for correspondence.
Email: dr.kyzlasov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1050-6198
SPIN-code: 6806-7913
Scopus Author ID: 57196124148
https://fmbafmbc.ru/centers/urology/

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor of Department of Urology and Andrology, head of the Center for Urology and Andrology

Russian Federation, 23 Marshala Novikova st., Moscow, 123098

Igor V. Kuzmin

Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University

Email: kuzminigor@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7724-7832
SPIN-code: 2684-4070
Scopus Author ID: 56878681300

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor of the Department of Urology

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Michail M. Sokolshchik

State Research Center of Russian Federation — Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center

Email: 7203331@gmail.com

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor of Department of Urology and Andrology

Russian Federation, Moscow

Ali T. Mustafayev

State Research Center of Russian Federation — Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center

Email: dr.mustafayevat@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2422-7942
SPIN-code: 5422-8789

assistant of the Department Urology and Andrology

Russian Federation, Moscow

Ekaterina V. Efimova

M.S. Rappoport Kuzbass Clinical Oncological Dispensary

Email: katyaefimova1996@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-4349-6877

urologist

Russian Federation, Kemerovo

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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2. Fig. 1. Registration of nocturnal erections in a healthy man using the RigiScan® device

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3. Fig. 2. Sensor for registration of night tumescences Androscan MIT

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4. Fig. 3. The indicator of nocturnal tumescences in a man with normal erectile function

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5. Fig. 4. Pharmacological cavernosography: a — the patient 1 year after the trauma (fracture) of the penis, there is a connection between the cavernous and spongy bodies; b — a patient with primary erectile dysfunction, there is a venous leakage of a contrast agent from the legs of the penis

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6. Fig. 5. Duplex ultrasonography of the penis. Registration of col lateral circulation connecting the right dorsal artery (RDA) with the right ca vernous artery (RCA) and left cavernous artery (LCA)

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7. Fig. 6. Magnetic resonance cavernosography

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8. Fig. 7. Computer cavernosography

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9. Fig. 8. Scheme of examination of patients with erectile dysfunction

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