Роль интранатальной травмы шейного отдела позвоночника в патогенезе идиопатического сколиоза: интеграция неврологических и биомеханических аспектов. Обзор литературы
- Авторы: Виндерлих М.Е.1, Виссарионов С.В.2
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Учреждения:
- Марийский государственный университет
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии имени Г.И. Турнера
- Выпуск: Том 13, № 4 (2025)
- Страницы: 452-464
- Раздел: Научные обзоры
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/turner/article/view/375532
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/PTORS691229
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/BTAPBJ
- ID: 375532
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Аннотация
Идиопатический сколиоз остается одним из наиболее распространенных и сложных ортопедических заболеваний у детей и подростков. Несмотря на признание роли генетических, гормональных и средовых факторов, пусковой механизм, инициирующий деформацию в раннем возрасте, остается предметом дискуссий. Проанализированы данные мировой литературы, посвященной интранатальной травме шейного отдела позвоночника, выступающей в качестве провоцирующего фактора развития идиопатического сколиоза у генетически предрасположенных пациентов. Проведен систематический анализ публикаций в базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary и CyberLeninka за период 2010–2024 гг., посвященных этиологии идиопатического сколиоза, с акцентом на исследования, изучающие связь осложненных родов, биомеханики шейного отдела и последующего развития деформации позвоночника. В обзоре обобщены и проанализированы современные литературные данные о потенциальной роли интранатального повреждения краниовертебрального перехода в патогенезе идиопатического сколиоза с интеграцией неврологических, биомеханических и генетических аспектов. Установлено, что механическое воздействие на шейный отдел во время родов (при тазовом предлежании, стремительных/затяжных родах, использовании акушерских пособий) может вызывать микроповреждения дуральных структур, ишемию ствола мозга и дисфункцию ретикулоспинальных путей. Это приводит к асимметрии мышечного тонуса, которая в условиях пубертатного скачка роста и генетической предрасположенности реализуется в стойкую трехплоскостную деформацию позвоночника. Предложена интегративная модель патогенетического каскада, объясняющая латентный период и последующее прогрессирование идиопатического сколиоза. Интранатальная травма шейного отдела — значимый, хотя и не единственный, триггер развития идиопатического сколиоза. Комплексный подход, включающий анализ перинатального анамнеза, ранний генетический скрининг и ультразвуковой мониторинг состояния краниовертебральной области у детей из групп риска, может стать основой для разработки стратегий первичной профилактики идиопатического сколиоза.
Об авторах
Марина Евгеньевна Виндерлих
Марийский государственный университет
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: vinderlikh@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9855-548X
SPIN-код: 9943-2150
канд. мед. наук, доцент
Россия, Йошкар-ОлаСергей Валентинович Виссарионов
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии имени Г.И. Турнера
Email: vissarionovs@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4235-5048
SPIN-код: 7125-4930
д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН
Россия, Санкт-ПетербургСписок литературы
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