Standard procedure for the pharmacotherapy of pain in childhood

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Abstract

Physicians of all specialties encounter patients in pain. The basis of the philosophy of caring children is not to question the existence of pain but to predict, prevent, and adequately treat it. Acute pain services implement preventive and multimodal analgesic treatment to increase the analgesic effect at the lowest possible doses to minimize undesirable effects of individual drugs. However, this service cannot be provided in all hospitals 24 hours a day. This study provides a clear, color-coded recommendation for pain relief in children, which provides a quick, rational, and safe choice of analgesics or their safe and effective combinations and dosage for each age group.

About the authors

Adriana Kollerová

Detská klinika anestéziológie a intenzívnej medicíny LF UK a NÚDCH

Author for correspondence.
Email: adriana.kollerova@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2289-8846

MUDr., PhD

Slovakia, Братислава

References

  1. Stasiowska MK, Gubbay AN, Cregg R, et al. Postoperative pain management. Hosp Med (Lond). 2015;76(10):570–575. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2015.76.10.570
  2. Gelman D, Gelmanas A, Urbanaité D, et al. Role of multimodal analgesia in the evolving enhanced recovery after surgery pathways. Medicina (Kaunas). 2018;54(2). doi: 10.3390/medicina54020020
  3. Dahl JB, Nielsen RV, Wetterslev J, et al. Post-operative analgesic effects of paracetamol, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, gabapentinoids and their combinations: a topical review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014;58(10):1165–1181. doi: 10.1111/aas.12382
  4. Wick EC, Grant MC, Wu ChL. Postoperative multimodal analgesia pain management with monopioid analgesics and techniques: A review. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(7):691–697. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.0898

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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1. JATS XML
2. Fig. 1. Assessment scales of pain for children in preschool and school age [2, 3]

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3. Fig. 2. The pain relief ladder. VAS — visual analog scale. Adjuvants — drugs with analgesic effect from other pharmacological groups, for example glucocorticoids, antispasmodics, muscle relaxants, etc. [2, 3]

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4. Fig. 3. Severity of pain and combination of analgosedation in children during or after painful diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedures. ENT — Ears, nose, and throat; VAS — visual analog scale; NSAIDs — non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

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Copyright (c) 2021 Kollerová A.

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