Effect of cell-seeded polycaprolactone-based implants on regenerative processes in a jaw bone defect in rabbits

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: In modern regenerative medicine, the development of personalized biomedical cellular products for the replacement of bone tissue defects is crucial. Such products consist of a cellular component, a scaffold designed to retain cells and provide mechanical support, and auxiliary components. In vitro experiments do not adequately assess the effects of these constructs on bone regeneration or on the systemic response of the recipient organism.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the outcomes of implanting scaffolds based on polycaprolactone, hydroxyapatite, and dental pulp stem cells into jaw bone defects in rabbits.

METHODS: The study was conducted in Soviet (Russian) Chinchilla rabbits (n = 10) weighing 3.5–4.5 kg and aged 1–1.5 years bred under vivarium conditions. Four teeth were extracted from each animal (40 teeth in total), then the animals were divided into 5 groups. The regenerative outcomes were assessed after 4 months. To evaluate differences in the extent and rate of defect healing, histopathological examination of the implantation sites was performed. The degree of fibrosis, inflammation, and bone tissue remodeling was assessed in hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections, whereas the distribution pattern of implanted cells labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles was evaluated using Perls’ staining.

RESULTS: At the implantation sites, scaffolds (both cell-seeded and cell-free) accelerated bone defect remodeling and fibrosis without the formation of coarse scar tissue. The most favorable combination of outcomes—namely minimal inflammation, the most advanced stage of bone tissue remodeling, and mature connective tissue formation at the implantation site—was observed in the group receiving copper-coated polycaprolactone scaffolds seeded with dental pulp stem cells.

CONCLUSION: The results confirm the promise of this approach for the development of bioengineered constructs for the reconstruction of bone defects.

About the authors

Yuliya A. Dombrovskaya

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Author for correspondence.
Email: yuliya.dombrovskaya@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7715-1008
SPIN-code: 5551-8789

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Natella I. Enukashvily

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: Natella.Enukashvili@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5971-7917
SPIN-code: 8161-3663

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Gleb E. Dubinenko

Tomsk Polytechnic University

Email: dubinenko@tpu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9466-469X
SPIN-code: 7129-6548
Russian Federation, Tomsk

Sergei I. Tverdokhlebov

Tomsk Polytechnic University

Email: tverd@tpu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2242-6358
SPIN-code: 9005-9207

Cand. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics)

Russian Federation, Tomsk

Elizaveta A. Rumyantseva

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: lizarum2102@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-8118-0143
SPIN-code: 3835-5803
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Arsalan D. Badaraev

Tomsk Polytechnic University

Email: adb6@tpu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2800-7565
SPIN-code: 7096-2340

Cand. Sci. (Engineering)

Russian Federation, Tomsk

Varvara V. Bagaeva

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: bagvar@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-5104-2872
SPIN-code: 7510-6930
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Olga N. Kravets

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: Olga.Kravetc@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-3252-0605
SPIN-code: 4278-7900

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Anton A. Sakhanov

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: anton.sakhanov@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4217-6330
SPIN-code: 8595-3308

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Olesya Yu. Dosaeva

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: Olesya.dosaeva.99@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-6508-9518
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Sefiyat E. Bukarova

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: Sofiya.bukarova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-1016-9306
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Mikhail I. Kotov

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: drmikhailkotov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-6655-6181
SPIN-code: 5483-9025
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Natalia Yu. Semenova

Almazov National Medical Research Center; Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology Federal Medical and Biological Agency

Email: semenova@mlc-lab.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4069-0678
SPIN-code: 3566-4723

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg

Yury A. Novosad

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Email: novosad.yur@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6150-374X
SPIN-code: 3001-1467
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Platon А. Safonov

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Email: safo165@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-7554-1292
SPIN-code: 6088-1297

MD

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Sergei V. Vissarionov

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Email: vissarionovs@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4235-5048
SPIN-code: 7125-4930

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Mikhail G. Semenov

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: mikhail.semenov@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1295-1554
SPIN-code: 2603-1085

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

Alexey V. Silin

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: a.silin@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3533-5615
SPIN-code: 4956-6941

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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