The role of fine suspended particles of atmospheric air in the formation of eosinophilic inflammation in T2-endotype of asthma

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Allergens induce eosinophilic inflammation in the T2 endotype of asthma. However, much less is known about the role of non-specific factors (suspended particles in the atmospheric air-PM).

AIMS: To define eosinophilic inflammation on the basis of several biomarkers in the T2 endotype of asthma exposed to PM.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 150 patients with asthma, and 61 patients with T2 endotype of asthma (ages 18–65 years) were enrolled. Group 1 included 34 patients with allergic asthma, and group 2 included 27 patients with non-allergic asthma. Moreover, 30 healthy matched controls without asthma and other allergic diseases were enrolled in the study. Clinical examination and allergy testing were performed. Additionally, serum levels of IL-33, IL-25, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, DPP4 (multiplex assay), and periostin (ELISA) were evaluated. The analyses of the average annual concentrations (Avr) and the maximal annual concentrations (MaxAvr) of PM2.5 and PM10 in Kazan were conducted using the database of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan, being averaged over the period from 2014 to 2020 years in monitoring points at residential areas. Statistical analyses were performed using R version 4.0.5. The study was funded by RFBR (Project no. 19-05-50094).

RESULTS: We detected increased blood eosinophil count and IL-5 levels in patients with asthma. High levels of total IgE (p=0.0001) that correlated with IL-4 levels were observed only in patients with allergic asthma (rS=0.38; p=0.045). Moreover, elevated IL-25 levels were found in patients with allergic asthma (p=0.009). No significant differences in IL-13 levels in patient with asthma were found. The regression analysis revealed that the PM2.5Avr increase by 1 mcg/m3 increases IL-33 and IL-25 levels, but the PM10Avr increase raises the IL-25 levels only in patients with non-allergic asthma. No significant increase in IL-25 and IL-33 levels under exposure to PM2.5Avr and PM 10Avr was detected in patients with allergic asthma.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate the pivotal role of fine suspended particles in the development and maintenance of eosinophilic inflammation in patients with non-allergic asthma.

About the authors

Olesya V. Skorokhodkina

Kazan State Medical University

Email: olesya-27@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5793-5753
SPIN-code: 8649-6138

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, Kazan

Milyausha R. Khakimova

Kazan State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: mileushe7@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3533-2596
SPIN-code: 1875-3934
Russian Federation, Kazan

Gyuzel A. Timerbulatova

Kazan State Medical University; Hygienic and Epidemiological Center in Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan)

Email: ragura@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2479-2474
SPIN-code: 2402-8878
Russian Federation, Kazan; Kazan

Olga A. Bareycheva

Republican Clinical Hospital of the Republic of Tatarstan

Email: olga-alex21@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1419-8746
SPIN-code: 8728-8883
Russian Federation, Kazan

Larisa Е. Saleeva

Republican Clinical Hospital of the Republic of Tatarstan

Email: saleeva.le@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3143-0436
SPIN-code: 7349-0840
Russian Federation, Kazan

Rezeda G. Sharipova

Republican Clinical Hospital of the Republic of Tatarstan

Email: rezeda-kazan@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8273-5446
Russian Federation, Kazan

Anastasia V. Ablayeva

Kazan State Medical University

Email: wail2008@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5597-0694
SPIN-code: 3901-8348
Russian Federation, Kazan

Liliya M. Fatkhutdinova

Kazan State Medical University

Email: liliya.fatkhutdinova@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9506-563X
SPIN-code: 9605-8332

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, Kazan

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2. Fig. 1. Ambient air pollution in the residence of patients with asthma and controls: а, PM10Avr; b, PM10MaxAvr; c, PM2,5Avr; d, PM2,5MaxAvr.

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Copyright (c) 2022 Skorokhodkina O.V., Khakimova M.R., Timerbulatova G.A., Bareycheva O.A., Saleeva L.Е., Sharipova R.G., Ablayeva A.V., Fatkhutdinova L.M.

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