Sexual differences of gut microbiome in infants and its clinical significance

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies of the intestinal microbiome have shown its role in pathogenesis of diseases in children. However, the role of such a factor as the child’s gender is little taken into account in these studies.

AIM: The purpose of this study to identify the features of the intestinal microbiome composition of children aged 1 month, born vaginally and breastfed, depending on the child’s gender.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: the study included 103 children aged 4–6 weeks of life (group 1 — 46 girls, group 2 — 57 boys), examined at Professor Bushtyreva’s Clinic LLC from 2019 to 2020, each of whom underwent stool sampling for further sequencing of 16S rRNA.

RESULTS: Results of 16s rRNA sequencing revealed that the proportion of Erysipelatoclostridium bacteria, that predispose to the development of allergic reactions and inflammatory bowel diseases, was significantly higher in boys than in girls (12.52 and 0.2% respectively, p = 0.020). The proportion of Lachnoclostridium bacteria, high amounts of which are associated with resistance to diseases of the nervous system, also differed significantly in the groups of boys and girls (0.01 and 5.78% respectively, p = 0.046). Analysis of correlation matrices revealed that the correlation adaptometry coefficient in the group of boys was almost 4 times higher than in girls (9.5 and 2.4 respectively). Analysis of morbidity in children under one year old revealed that allergies were almost 3 times more common in boys than in girls (33.3 and 13%). Episodes of acute intestinal infections in the first year of life were registered in 6 boys and only in 1 girl (10.5 and 2.2%).

CONCLUSIONS: In boys at 1st month of life, born vaginally and breastfed, compared to girls, the proportion of bacteria of the genus Erysipelatoclostridium in the intestinal microbiome is higher, that is a risk factor for the development of allergic reactions and inflammatory bowel diseases. At the same time, the proportion of bacteria of the genus Lachnoclostridium, on the contrary, was 5 times higher in girls than in boys. The revealed differences can be used to select preventive probiotic therapy taking into account the child’s gender.

About the authors

Victoria V. Barinova

Professor Bushtyreva Clinic LLC

Author for correspondence.
Email: victoria-barinova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8584-7096
SPIN-code: 5068-0680

MD, PhD, Deputy Director, obstetrician-gynecologist

Russian Federation, 58/7 Sobornyi lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344011

Dmitry O. Ivanov

St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: spb@gpma.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0060-4168
SPIN-code: 4437-9626

MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Neonatology with Courses in Neurology and Obstetrics-Gynecology of the Faculty of Postgraduate and Additional Professional Education, Rector

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Irina O. Bushtyreva

Professor Bushtyreva Clinic LLC

Email: kio4@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9296-2271
SPIN-code: 5009-1565

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор

Russian Federation, 58/7 Sobornyi lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344011

Tatyana L. Botasheva

Rostov State Medical University

Email: t_botasheva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5136-1752
SPIN-code: 3341-2928

MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Chief Researcher of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Research Institute of Obstetrics and Pediatrics

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Vasilisa V. Dudurich

Serbalab Medical-genetic center

Email: vasilisadudurich@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6271-5218

Head of the Department of Metagenomic Research

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Lavrentii G. Danilov

Serbalab Medical-genetic center

Email: lavrentydanilov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4479-3095
SPIN-code: 7424-8745

bioinformatician of the laboratory

Korea, Republic of, Saint Petersburg

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Range diagram of the relative abundance of bacteria of the genus Erysipelatoclostridium ( а ) and Lachnoclostridium ( b ) in the intestinal microbiota of girls (0) and boys (1). The thick line inside denotes the median of each group, the bottom and top of the box are the 25 th and 75 th percentiles, respectively. “Whiskers” is a minimum and maximum value that is not extreme

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3. Fig. 2. Correlogram of relationships between bacterial genus isolated in 16S rRNA sequencing in the intestinal microbiome of girls in group 1. The dominant bacterial genus in the gut microbiome are shown in red color, based on their mean relative abundance in girls. The black solid directions indicate positive correlations, and the number above the arrow indicates the strength of the correlation

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4. Fig. 3. Correlogram of relationships between bacterial genera isolated in 16S rRNA sequencing in the intestinal microbiome in group 2 in boys. The dominant bacterial genus in the gut microbiome are shown in red color, based on their mean relative abundance in boys. Black solid arrows indicate positive correlations, red dashed arrows indicate negative correlations, and the number above the arrow indicates the strength of the correlation

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5. Fig. 4. ROC curve: а, for the group 1 (girls); b, for the observation group 2 (boys). The top line is the ROC curve, the bottom line is the reference line

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