Biological and pathophysiological role of adiponectin

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Abstract

Adipose tissue is now recognized as an important endocrine organ that secretes numerous protein hormones, including leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. Adiponectin is a hormone that is produced by white adipose tissue. Adiponectin has been isolated independently by several groups of scientists. In humans, this protein is encoded by the ADIPOQ gene. Adiponectin receptors are widely distributed in many organs and tissues including liver, heart, pancreas, kidneys, muscles and many other cell types. A serum concentration of adipocin correlates with body mass index (BMI). Decreased level of adiponectin leads to obesity, the development of gestational complications in pregnant women, as well as a high risk of diabetes mellitus development and atherosclerosis. A high concentration of this hormone has anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, antiproliferative and cancer-defense mechanisms. Adiponectin strongly suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis by inhibiting genes involved in glucose production. Obese people have lower blood levels of adiponectin than normal weight individuals. Adiponectin’s anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties result in protection of the blood vessels, heart, lungs, and colon. Adiponectin, an abundant adipocyte-secreted factor with a wide-range of biological activities, improves insulin sensitivity in insulin target tissues, modulates inflammatory responses, and plays a crucial role in the regulation of energy metabolism.

About the authors

Yury V. Petrenko

St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: alez1964@yandex.ru

MD, PhD, Vice-Rector for Medical Work

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Ksenia S. Gerasimova

Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University

Email: aksiniya9@yandex.ru

Student of the 6th Year of Pediatric Faculty

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Valeria P. Novikova

St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation

Email: novikova-vp@mail.ru

MD, PhD, Dr Med Sci, Professor, Director of Medical and Social Problems in Pediatrics Laboratory, Research Center

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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Copyright (c) 2019 Petrenko Y.V., Gerasimova K.S., Novikova V.P.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
 


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