Pathogenetic markers of cellular senescence

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Cellular senescence is a complex process occurring at all stages of the development and functioning of an organism. On the one hand, it is important as a mechanism protecting against cell damage, but on the other hand, it contributes to the development of age-related diseases and aging of an organism as a whole.

AIM: To determine key markers of senescent cells to study pathogenetic mechanisms of aging and to search for new strategies of healthy longevity.

A literature search was conducted in PubMed and eLibrary.ru databases until July 1, 2024 and included analysis of the original and review articles using the keywords: ‘senescent cells’, ‘cellular senescence’, ‘senescent cell markers’, ‘SA-β-Gal’, ‘SASP’. The best studied and widely used markers of senescent cells are cell cycle arrest factors: DNA damage response markers p53 and γH2AX, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16 and p21. Furthermore, SA-β-Gal is a universal marker of cellular senescence, identified in both tissues and cell models of aging. SASP factors are not direct markers of aging, but an important indicator of complex interactions between senescent cells and their microenvironment.

CONCLUSION: Currently, a large number of senescent cells pathogenetic markers have been identified. Their expression can vary depending on the cell type and aging context, which is important to understand for the development of senolytic therapeutic approaches and the maintenance of healthy longevity.

About the authors

Yuliya V. Markina

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery; Petrovsky Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: yu.v.markina@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3781-6340
SPIN-code: 8389-2346

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Tatiana V. Kirichenko

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery; Petrovsky Medical University

Email: t-gorchakova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2899-9202
SPIN-code: 4332-9045

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Ivan V. Zhivodernikov

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery

Email: kordait-2213@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2175-4739
SPIN-code: 1052-5249

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Moscow

Alexander M. Markin

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery; Petrovsky Medical University

Email: alexander.markin.34@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6649-7924
SPIN-code: 8364-5150

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Ilya I. Eremin

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery; Petrovsky Medical University

Email: eremin.ii@med.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4336-8986
SPIN-code: 6098-7226

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Roman V. Deev

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery; Petrovsky Medical University

Email: romdey@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8389-3841
SPIN-code: 2957-1687

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Konstantin V. Kotenko

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery; Petrovsky Medical University

Email: noc@med.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6147-5574
SPIN-code: 5993-3323

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

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