Vol 75, No 1 (1994)
Ecology
Actual problems of ecology of Tatarstan
Abstract
The creation of special state environmental structures (Goskompriroda, the Ministry of Ecology), the activation of the public movement for the protection of nature, the formation of a number of scientific and technical programs of environmental orientation at the federal, academic, and sectoral levels - all this testifies to the growing concern of the community for the fate of generations.
Biogenic stress in plants
Abstract
The picture of the pathogens and plant interaction is presented. That is: recognition; the influence of different hydrolases produced by pathogens on plant biopolimers and lipids; elicitors and phytoalexins formation; pathogen-induced proteins synthesis in plants; induction of supersensitivity in cells, surrounding the pathogen infection area; the influence of plant enzymes and toxins on pathogens and finally — working out plant tissues resistance against pathogens (viruses, bacteria and fungi).
Ecological situation in the section of the volga between the settlements vasilyevo and arakchino of the Tatarstan republic
Abstract
The complex research of ecological situation near the automobile bridge across the Volga river showed the serious ecological tension after the solid dam construction. The negative tendencies will progress without corresponding measures. The economical damage as the result of biological resources lost will be about 280 mln. rubles (according to 1991 year data).
Use of bioengineer constructions in the sanation of surface waters
Abstract
Here the results of the long-term research in the sphere of the role of high aquatic plants in the acceleration of the process of self-purification of water are adduced. We propose the creation of bioengineer constructions for the purpose of prevention surface-waters from pollution.
Effect of industrial atmosphere pollution on ecologogenetic parameters of drosophila and clethrionomys glareolus populations
Abstract
The three year researches of Clethrionomys glareolus and Drosophila melanogastcr populations are presented. The experiment was pursued in Nizhnekamsk, the controlled region was situated in Sarali of the Volga—Kama zapovednic without atmosphere pollutions. There has been shown that the levels of prenatal mortality and potential fecundity are arised in the Nizhnekamsk populations. The latter is thought to be the compensation mechanism which stabilizes the reproduction of population. There has been stown that the induced mutagenesis (dominant and recessive lethal mutations) in the populations of Drosophila which were exposed in Nizhnekamck.
Heavy metals in water ecosystems components of Kuibyshev reservoir
Abstract
Presented are the results of 4-years investigation in shallows of the rivers Mjosha and Kama. The sources and distribution of heavy metals in water, bottom deposits, plants, fito- and zooplankton, invertabrates, fishes and amphibians are discussed.
Heavy metals in test-objects of Kuibyshev reservoir aquatorium
Abstract
Three marked zones in Kazan district of Kuibyshev reservoir differ reliably in heavy metals concentration in bottom deposits. The maximum metals accumulation was noticed in shallow deposits. The usage of biological test-objects is advisable to reveal the local polution centres boundaries.
Clarks of metals in soils and alluvial deposits of Kuibyshev reservoir island landscapes
Abstract
The content and distribution of metals (Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Mn) in soils and alluvial deposits of the islands of Kuibyshev reservoir are studied on the base of geochemical approach- ment. The main sources of metals in islands ecosystems are discussed. The noticed regional difference in metal’s contents in soils between Volga and Kama islands is due to rock composition, grain sixe of deposits and soil formation regimes.
Regional aspects of environmental pollution by heavy metals and the health of population
Abstract
The revealed peculiarities of heavy metals distribution in biosphere components of the East Kama region define its «background» concentrations. Soil-geochemical division of the territory into districts is the basis for environmental monitoring taking into account the speciality of population health breaches.
Natural-focal infections in the kuibyshev reservoir island systems
Abstract
There has been shown the natural nidus tickal encephalus West Nile and Syndbys fever existance in the Kuibyshev reservoir island systems and Grippotiphyis, Pomon and Gebdomadys serodroups as well. The additional data about wide expansion of nidus GLPS on the islands and rabbit-feber, infection currency sporadical character in the small mammalians populations is recieved.
Relationship between the processes of self-purification oi the natural-waters with the activity of microbial cenosis
Abstract
The influence of waste liquid from a pig- breeding complex on the microflora of the pool has been studied. As it was found the prolonged action of the organic wastes causes the destruction of the normal function of the microbial community. It was shown that the effect of dilution promontes to longer survival as well spreading of pathogenic and facultatively pathogenic microorganismus at the rivers of low stream index.
Theoretical and clinical medicine
Influence of heavy metals on the immune system and development of atopic eczema in children
Abstract
Redundant serum essential heavy metals in children with atopic eczema, bacterial infections and burdened heredity is due to influence of surrounding contaminations as well as expressed disbalance of zinc, copper and iron. Redundancy of studied heavy metals leads to injury of immune system. Severity of the atopic eczema and bacterial diseases is considerably determined by expression of disbalance.
Results of the treatment of acute purulent general peritonitis by the improved peritoneostomy method
Abstract
The peritoneostomy method is improved and tested in 42 patients with acute purulent general peritonitis. It’s therapeutic effect is explained by the possibility of performing the continuous controlled sanitation of the abdominal cavity, prevention of pulmonary complications in postoperative period, and protection of abdominal wall tissue in incision region from secondary infection. The method permits to decrease efficiently the manifestation of endogenous intoxication, the number of postoperative complications, to reduce the terms of stationary treatment and lethality. The indications to the application of this method in hospital are formulated.
Functional state of motoneuronic pool of hand muscles in patients with vibratory disease
Abstract
The clinical electroneuromyographic data of examinations of 126 patients with vibratory disease as a result of the action of local vibration in the period of vibroinstrument work and job placement are analyzed. As many as 9 types of axon distal segment degeneration arc provided. The motoneuron excitability in every type of degeneration is analyzed. The peculiarities of the action of vibration of low, medium and high frequencies are noted.
Clinicolaboratory characteristic of nervous system state in herpetic neuroinfection in newborns
Abstract
The combined examination of nervous system including echography, electroencephalography, caused potentials, dopplerography of brain vessels, scintigraphy in 10 newborns with herpetic encephalitis is performed. The disease begins intrauterinely in 2 children, after birth — in 8 children. The inspecificity of the clinical picture and changes of bioelectrical activity in this disease is shown. The acute initial part of the disease originated in spasms, the decrease of cerebral activity coincidentally with detection of focal and diffusive increase of echogenicity of hemispheres provide reason enough to perform virologic examination as well as for the purpose of peculiar antiherpetic therapy.
Electropuncturing auriculodiagnosis of cochleovestibular disorders in vertebral artery syndrome
Abstract
The results of combined otoneurologic examination of 80 patients with cochleovesti- bular disorders in vertebral artery syndrome in the presence of cervical osteochondrosis and 38 healthy persons are presented. On the basis of the results obtained, several statistical comparison groups are provided whereby the correlative analysis of auriculodiagnosis data is performed. The algorithm of recognition of cochleovestibular disorders in vertebral artery syndrome according to the side, damage level, and stage of the disease is formulated.
Conferences
Plenum of the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Physicians (N. Novgorod, October 12-13, 1993)
Abstract
A regular visiting plenum of the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Physicians with the agenda "Actual problems of internal medicine" took place. The report "Errors and difficulties in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus" was made by the chairman of the local society of physicians prof. E.P. Kamysheva. The speaker noted that today diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as an exchange-vascular pathology with an endocrine component, that is, completely differently than it seemed for many years. In the pathogenesis of the disease, insulin deficiency (absolute and relative) is isolated, and a perverse reaction to insulin is of certain importance, then - syndromes of vascular permeability and thromboembolic complications. Causal multifactoriality leads to multiple symptoms, which complicates the timely diagnosis of diabetes (lack of knowledge of the clinic, haste or carelessness of the doctor). Hyperglycemia can occur for various reasons and is completely unnecessary only with diabetes: it depends on age, gender, body weight. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out not glucose, but the usual food load, and this will be the first stage in the timely diagnosis of diabetes. In the tactics of treatment, the following points are important: one should not strive for a rapid decrease in hyperglycemia, one should reduce sugar-like substances that cause the formation of angiopathies, carry out detoxification and disaggregation therapy, improve microcirculation, use blood substitutes and hepatoprotectors (Essentiale). The role of physical activity in reducing the complications of diabetes was highlighted. If physical activity does not help, hypoglycemic drugs should be used, while it should be remembered that hyperglycemia is a dangerous complication that causes cardiac (rhythm) disturbances. Attention was also drawn to the features of diabetes therapy in concomitant pathology: long-term use of nicotinic acid promotes hyperglycemia, beta-blockers, nitrates reduce glucose tolerance, diuretics increase blood sugar levels. Therefore, the course of treatment with these drugs should be short.