Blood clotting system and natural anticoagulants
- Authors: Zubairov D.M.1
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Affiliations:
- Kazan Order of the Red Banner of Labor Medical Institute named after S. V. Kurashov
- Issue: Vol 75, No 2 (1994)
- Pages: 136-155
- Section: Lectures
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/kazanmedj/article/view/89735
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/kazmj89735
- ID: 89735
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Abstract
Blood clotting is a complex enzymatic process, at the end of which plasma globulin fibrinogen turns into fibrous fibrin. Blood clotting factors make an important contribution to hemostasis. This can be seen from the fact that disorders in the blood clotting system can cause, on the one hand, bleeding, and on the other — thrombosis and embolism. In addition to hemostatic function, many plasma coagulation factors are involved in a number of other reactions that provide homeostasis.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
D. M. Zubairov
Kazan Order of the Red Banner of Labor Medical Institute named after S. V. Kurashov
Author for correspondence.
Email: info@eco-vector.com
Department of Biochemistry
Russian Federation, KazanReferences
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Fig. 1. Block diagram of the internal and external thrombin formation systems.
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Fig. 2. Modular structure of the HP factor according to Laemmle. The HLB-terminal region (1-353) is responsible for binding to the surface. Modules of fibronectin type II (A–B), epidermal growth factor (B–C), fibronectin type I (C–D), epidermal growth factor (D–E), kringle (E–F), proline-rich site (F) -AND). COOH - terminal part (354-59/6) - serine protease.
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Fig. 3. Schemes of the structure and transformation of some blood coagulation factors. Explanations in the text.
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Fig. 4. Modular structure of prothrombin, factors VII, IX, X and protein C.
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Fig. 5. Hypothetical scheme for the transformation of an athrombogenic surface of a cell membrane into a thrombogenic one: a) a native cell membrane with a bilayer structure, PS and PS in the inner monolayer of the membrane, A-IIE - inactive tissue factor apoprotein; b) modified cell membrane with PS clusters and inverted cylindrical and micellar FE mesophases, A-III — active tissue factor apoprotein; c) an ensemble of enzyme complexes of vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation factors on the surface of the modified cell membrane (black dots are Ca2+ ions that bind gla-containing factors with PS clusters).
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Fig. 7. Formation of epsilon-gamma-glutamyl bonds catalyzed by factor XIIIa. Rectangles represent fibrin polypeptide chains.
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Fig. 8. Heparin.
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fig. 9
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fig. 6
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