Abnormalities of brain development as a cause of epileptic seizures

Brain abnormalities can cause resistant epileptic seizures and significant neurological deficits. In this article we present the clinical cases of cerebral hemiatrophy (Dyke–Davidoff–Masson syndrome) and polymicrogyria with a description of their classical clinical features and radiological and electrophysiological characteristics. The classical signs of Dyke–Davidoff–Masson syndrome in neuroimaging are cerebral hemiatrophy, calvarial thickening, and hyperpneumatization of the frontal sinuses. Polymycrogyria characterized by a gross defect of the cortex with multiple small superficial gyri can manifest as hemi- or tetraparesis, focal epilepsy, and developmental delay. Further study of brain abnormalities, obtaining high-quality images with neuroimaging and their careful analysis can help improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of patients with this pathology.