Vol 68, No 5 (1987)
Endemic diseases in Tataria as a hygienic problem
Abstract
The study of mass diseases from geochemical positions in recent years has led to the emergence of a new direction in biology and medicine - the geochemical ecology of endemic diseases, the essence of which is a comprehensive assessment of the organism as a single component of the biosphere. Due to its exceptional value, national economic importance and perspective development this direction requires further accumulation of facts and theoretical justification.
Some socio-biological and hygienic aspects of natural feeding
Abstract
In recent years, Soviet and foreign researchers have paid increasing attention to the study of socio-biological and hygienic factors influencing the duration of natural feeding. The influence of hereditary causes on the development of hypogalactia is insignificant, which is confirmed by its rapid growth in recent decades. Early transfer to artificial and mixed feeding is a gross violation of the evolutionary biological chain "pregnancy - birth - lactation" and often harms the health of the woman and child, violates the microclimate of the family. This prompts the study of the causes leading to hypogalactia and the search for new ways and methods of their elimination.
To the study of opistorchosis in the Tatar ASSR
Abstract
Opistorchosis is one of serious natural focal diseases of humans and many carnivorous animals. Significance of opistorchosis for our country was noted by Academician K. I. Skryabin as far back as 1932, considering it a serious social and economic problem. This disease leads to loss of life and disability of people, to animals mortality (foxes, ermines, muskrats etc.). Opistorchosis is registered at vast territory of Europe and Asia (USSR, Poland, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Finland, Netherlands etc.) but its main nosoareal is in our country. There are about 2 million opistorchosis patients on USSR territory. Due to this fact, since 1983 systematic researches have been started according to target complex interdisciplinary scientific program "Opisthorchiasis".
Hygienic assessment of labor of women - tape trimmers
Abstract
Hygienic assessment of working conditions in the magnetic tape finishing and processing area is an urgent task. Strict requirements to technology and quality of products dictate the need to maintain a certain thermal-humidity regime and exceptional air purity in the room. Work in windowless and windowless rooms is carried out in conditions of artificial microclimate, isolation from the external environment, lack of ultraviolet rays and can, according to some authors, adversely affect the well-being of workers and morbidity.
The role of socio-hygienic factors in the occurrence of respiratory diseases in female garment workers
Abstract
The incidence of nonspecific respiratory diseases among female workers of a sewing firm was studied. The certificates of incapacity for work for 6 years and medical cards of the outpatient were analyzed. Based on objective information, verified diagnoses, a group of women suffering from chronic nonspecific lung diseases was singled out. Healthy, fully able-bodied persons without chronic diseases were selected as a control group by the copy-pair method. In order to reveal the role of socio-hygienic factors in the origin of respiratory diseases, particularly of chronic nonspecific lung diseases, and to work out measures for their prevention we questioned 1113 female workers according to a questionnaire which was proposed by the All-Russian Institute of Pulmonology under the USSR Ministry of Health and adjusted to specific conditions of production and everyday life. The questionnaire consisted of 30 questions describing housing and living conditions, work and rest conditions, bad habits, etc. Men did not participate in the survey, as their share in the total number of employees at the firm was not more than 10%. The survey materials were supplemented by objective data of the city sanitary and epidemiological station on the study of the working environment.
Blood Pattern in Refinery Workers
Abstract
Workers in the conditions of modern oil refineries are exposed to a complex of chemicals and intensive industrial noise. The most constant components of chemical compounds are the ultimate, unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, determined in most cases at a level much lower than the MPC. Under the action of low-intensity factors, the peripheral blood picture can serve as a significant indicator.
Central hemodynamics and myocardial contractility in workers exposed to dust and vibration
Abstract
The practice of periodic medical examinations has shown that in a number of professions (mold makers, grinders, stubbers, stripping fitters, etc.) there is a combined effect of local vibration and mixed dust on the body. The isolated role of dust and vibration in the development of occupational diseases is known, and the changes of central and peripheral hemodynamics are well enough studied. In recent years, the need to study the effect of different factors of low-intensity industrial environment in their combined action on the body of workers has arisen.
Response of the cardiovascular system to the combined effects of production factors in the conditions of work on the conveyor
Abstract
The large scale of production and insufficient study of the mechanisms of combined effects of low-intensity factors in conditions of progressive technology and high labor culture have determined the need for comprehensive hygienic, clinical, immunological and toxicological studies.
Allergic morbidity in an industrial city
Abstract
Information about allergic morbidity is very variable: in the Lithuanian SSR 2.8% of the population suffer, in Ukraine - 19.5% [2]. This indicator is influenced by the regional peculiarities, conditioned by natural and climatic conditions, development of industry, agriculture, demographic structure of the population, etc. In this connection it is necessary to carry out wide social-epidemiological researches, as "absence of data on allergic morbidity makes it impossible to carry out scientific forecasting and organization of specialized aid to the population".
The results of the medical examination of meteotropic patients in an industrial enterprise
Abstract
Dispensationalization of the entire population dictates the need to find and implement new forms of preventive work in the practice of health care. Among them, the fight against meteopathies is of particular importance. High sensitivity of patients to unfavorable heliogeophysical and meteorological factors is known; if preventive work is carried out among such patients, their morbidity decreases. However, the prevention of meteotropic reactions in hospitals and polyclinics is not widespread, which is due to the lack of study of this problem and organizational difficulties. It is believed that meteotropic reactions depend on abrupt weather changes, solar activity, electromagnetic and acoustic oscillations. It is impossible to take into account all mentioned factors in daily practice of a physician without creating a special service.
Effectiveness of medical examinations of schoolchildren with gastroenterological diseases
Abstract
The objectives of this work were active detection of gastroenterological diseases in schoolchildren, their recovery through inpatient treatment and organization of dispensary observation. For this purpose an in-depth targeted examination of 4200 children aged 7-14 years in schools of Privolzhsky district of Kazan was carried out, which is 38.2% of the total number of school-age children. After examination and establishment of indications, a part of children with various lesions of the digestive tract were hospitalized.
Peculiarities of early detection of tuberculosis in adolescents
Abstract
We analyzed TB incidence among adolescents in Saratov Region in 1981-1983 and compared it with the incidence among related age groups - children 12-14 years old and young adults 18-19 years old. As can be seen from the table, primary forms of tuberculosis in children predominate, while in adolescents and young adults secondary forms (in half of them - infiltrative tuberculosis and in a quarter - focal) predominate. The more frequent occurrence of exudative pleurisy and extrapulmonary forms is apparently due to the special reactivity of adolescence. However, the dramatic differences in the frequency of primary and secondary tuberculosis in children of pubertal age and adolescents can hardly be explained by reactivity features alone. We should think that primary forms of tuberculosis in adolescents are poorly diagnosed; therefore, predominantly secondary forms are determined. To address this question, we compared the detection of tuberculosis in children, adolescents, and young adults.
Peculiarities of acute pneumonia in persons working in contact with respiratory irritant chemicals
Abstract
The morbidity and character of acute pneumonia are influenced by such factors as temperature fluctuations, dustiness of air, presence of harmful impurities in it, but information about the nature of this influence is rather contradictory. Some authors believe that contact with elevated concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, chromium and other irritants leads to an increased incidence of acute respiratory disease and pneumonia. Other researchers have shown that the incidence of acute pneumonia among workers in the chemical industry is lower than in the general adult population. The question about peculiarities of course and outcomes of acute pneumonia in persons working in contact with respiratory irritating chemicals remains practically unstudied. Meanwhile, such substances as chlorine, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen oxides and others are widely used in chemical industry when performing various types of work.
Gastrointestinal microflora in diphyllobothriosis
Abstract
Diphyllobothriosis is a widespread human infestation, and in a number of endemic areas the incidence rate exceeds 30%. Diphyllobothriosis clinic is dominated by symptoms of gastrointestinal tract lesions, the activity of which is significantly affected by its microflora.
Pathogenetic therapy for patients with salmonellosis
Abstract
In recent years, published data on the inexpediency of the use of etiotropic agents in the treatment of some acute intestinal infections, in particular salmonellosis. Positive results were obtained using rehydration therapy both orally and by intravenous infusions.
Indications for Heparin in tick-borne encephalitis
Abstract
Disturbances in the hemostasis system are of great importance in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. The results of pathomorphological examination of sectional material indicate the involvement of this system in the pathological process in tick-borne encephalitis as well. However, there are no data in the literature on the state of hemostasis in this disease.
Functional status of neutrophils and monocytes in rheumatoid arthritis
Abstract
Phagocytes as an effector link of pathological immune reactions in rheumatoid arthritis, interacting with immune complexes, release into the environment lysosomal enzymes and oxygen radicals, which destroy synovial membrane and joint cartilage, which imparts autoantigenic properties to tissues. At the same time, neutrophils and monocytes phagocytize immune complexes and products of tissue destruction, contributing to their removal from the body. It can be assumed that in extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis, when the above processes develop in other organs, blood phagocytes will be more active than in isolated joint syndrome.
Retinol supply in healthy children and patients with pyelonephritis
Abstract
Retinol deficiency in the body can occur with irrational feeding, low content of it in food, increased need for various diseases. The diet of a modern person, sufficient to replenish energy consumption, is not able to cover the physiological need for essential nutrients, in particular vitamins.
Reproductive function of women with syringomyelia
Abstract
Syringomyelia is one of the widespread diseases of the nervous system: in different regions of the USSR its incidence is 25-34 per 100 thousand inhabitants. The average rate in the Udmurt ASSR per 100 thousand inhabitants is 34.25 ± 1.57. Syringomyelia usually progresses slowly, leading to a reduction or loss of ability to work, disability at a young, employable age. Women aged 20-40 years most often suffer from this disease.
Psychophysiological Characteristics of Pregnant Women at Risk of Gestosis
Abstract
Real prevention of gestosis is based on preclinical diagnosis taking into account absence of organic changes and prevalence of functional-dynamic disorders when their preventive therapy is the most effective. Functional disorders of internal organs are clinical reflection of general psycho-vegetative instability of an individual (his constitutional somatogenic or situationally conditioned emotional instability). From the reports of recent years, none of the works have highlighted certain individual psychological features of the pregnant woman - emotional instability, anxiety, sensitivity, etc., which are an essential part of the constitutional-biological predisposition.
Circadian chronogram of catecholamine excretion in women
Abstract
In this paper, the task was to study the indicators of potential performance of the female body during the day, to make a circadian chronogram of catecholamine excretion and to compare it with the literature data on circadian rhythms of labor activity.
Screening of patients under 30 years of age with uterine myoma
Abstract
There are three groups of patients with uterine myoma during the follow-up examination. Group 1 includes women with asymptomatic myoma, and Group 2 includes myoma that exceeds the size of the uterus at 14 weeks' gestation, is accompanied by bleeding, pain, rapid growth, and squeezes neighboring organs. Women in these groups are to be followed up once every 3 months. If conservative therapy has no effect, surgery is resorted to. Group 3 includes patients with uterine myoma causing anemia, rapid growth, and dysfunction of adjacent organs. These women are hospitalized for further examination and decision on surgical treatment. In women of all three groups the mammary glands should be examined.
Activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the diagnosis of alcoholism
Abstract
To diagnose alcoholism, mainly clinical methods of examination of patients are used. At the same time, more and more attention is paid to the development of biochemical tests in order to assess the disease more objectively. A number of studies have studied the effect of alcohol abuse on the activity of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (g-GTP). This enzyme is widely distributed in organs and tissues, which accounts for the lack of specificity of the test. Serum g-GTP activity has been shown to be elevated in all types of hepatobiliary disorders, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, congestion, metastasis, as well as in pancreatitis, chronic nephritis, etc. Hepatic gGTP is an enzyme sensitive to the effects of ethyl alcohol, and therefore can serve as an objective test for identifying alcohol abusers.
Adult Adult Ependymoma of the IV Ventricle
Abstract
Ependymomas belong to neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system and, according to different authors, account for 3 to 6.3% of them. Most authors note the most frequent localization of ependymomas in the IV ventricle, its cavity or lateral eversions. The time of development of ependymomas varies from 6 months to 11 years. At the initial stage, the disease is asymptomatic for a long time; by the time the first clinical signs appear, the tumor, as a rule, reaches a considerable size, filling the IV ventricular cavity in all cases.
Antithrombotic agents in the treatment of tumors and their metastases
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications are observed in 30% of patients with neoplastic processes. In laboratory studies of hemostasis, cases of abnormalities reach 80-90%. Moreover, migrating thrombophlebitis is often the first manifestation of a far advanced malignant process. Thrombophlebitis in tumors is characterized by atypical localization - on hands, neck, breast, but most often - on lower leg. Thrombosis in patients with tumors of different localizations occupies the third place according to the frequency after pathology of cardiovascular system and complications arising after surgical interventions; it occurs in 18% of lethal outcomes from tumor process. Thrombosis may precede the formation of metastases. Arterial emboli and non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis are often found in malignant diseases.
Bone marrow transplantation
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation is an effective method of treatment of deep depressions of hematopoiesis of different origin. In this connection, the new method of treatment of the above pathology attracts the attention of specialists of different profiles.
From the experience of cooperation between the medical unit and the department of the medical institute
Abstract
The team of the Department of Tuberculosis of the S.V. Kurashov Kazan Medical Institute together with the medical unit No. 11 of Kazan. For several years they have been studying the impact of some production factors that have an allergic effect on certain categories of employees. Medical and consulting assistance in medical diagnostic and organizational work, especially on early detection, effective treatment and preventive measures of allergic and other respiratory diseases, as well as pathology of internal organs, are provided by employees of the Tuberculosis Department. Thus, directly in the shop floor medical stations they perform monthly medical consultations with patients, give advice on treatment and diet, preventive measures, prescribe medicines and other therapies, monitor the effectiveness of treatment. Employees of the department also conduct medical consultations on the basis of the department. In necessary cases for the employees of the company they organize consultations of other specialists, help to conduct additional (radiological, laboratory, functional) research.
Experience of joint work of the Department of General Hygiene and Health Authorities
Abstract
We would like to share the experience of the Department of General Hygiene of Kazan Lenin Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians in cooperation with health authorities. Employees of the department together with the Tatar Republican SES conduct scientific and practical research of sanitary condition of the Kama river - a source of water supply for large industrial complexes and cities of the Kama region. The materials obtained were used in the examination of water supply projects for KamAZ, Tatar Nuclear Power Plant, PA "Nizhnekamskneftekhim", Kazan, etc.
Dysproteinemia in children with various forms of goiter
Abstract
The content of total protein and protein fractions was studied in children with various forms of goiter before and after surgery (day 1-2) and before discharge from the clinic (day 10-12). 106 patients were examined preoperatively and 102 in the postoperative period. Fifty-two children had euthyroid nodular goiter, 49 - hyperthyroid, 5 - hypothyroid. Thyroid gland enlargement of degree III was in 57 patients, IV-V in 49 patients. For comparison, similar studies in the blood of 20 healthy children were performed (see Table).
Vanillylmindalic acid excretion in patients with coronary heart disease
Abstract
Daily urinary excretion of vanillylmindalic acid in patients with acute myocardial infarction and progressive angina pectoris was studied in dynamics. We examined 110 patients on days 1-5, 6-10, 30-35 of the disease (group I). There were 76 men, aged 32-84 years (mean age, 56.0), and 34 women, aged 44-85 years (mean age, 66.3). Large focal myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 69 (62.7%) patients, small focal - in 18 (16.4%), recurrent - in 23 (20.9%). Myocardial infarction of anterior wall of the left ventricle was diagnosed in 64 patients, posterior - in 32 patients, and anteroposterior - in 14 patients. Acute period of the disease occurred in 66 (60%) patients with various complications: cardiac rhythm and conduction disorders, circulatory disorders, pulmonary edema, 1st-II degree cardiogenic shock, thromboembolism, acute atony of the stomach and intestines, cardiac asthma.
Treatment of coronary heart disease with electrosleep and nitroglycerin ointment in a sanatorium
Abstract
We studied the results of ischemic heart disease treatment in the conditions of cardiopulmonary sanatorium "Livadia" (Kazan) by means of "Electroson-4t" apparatus and nitroglycerin ointment. Constant pulse current with pulse frequency 5-10 Hz and procedure duration 30 min were used (treatment course - 10 sessions every other day). Nitroglycerin was used in the form of 2% nitromazine (Finland).
Use of electroencephalography to monitor the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment in post-stroke patients
Abstract
The dynamics of assimilation of light flicker rhythms by post-stroke patients during outpatient rehabilitation treatment was studied. The aim was to trace the effect of treatment on the functional state of the brain and to determine the possibility of using this technique to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation.
Bacterial infiltration of the skin of healthy women's mammary glands
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the degree of bacterial contamination of the nipple surface, areola and surrounding skin in healthy non-pregnant women.
The study was carried out in 120 female students aged 18 to 24 years. The density of bacterial populations per cm2 of skin was studied in 60 of them by the imprinting method, and in the remaining 60 - by the P. Williamson and A. Kligman washout method.
Red squamous lichen in combination with other diseases
Abstract
Recently, attention has been drawn to the frequency of associations of lichen planus red and various visceropathies and their role in the pathogenesis of dermatosis. We examined 88 patients aged from 20 to 65 years; 56 of them had lichen planus in combination with somatic diseases. In the group of patients who had dermatosis association with other diseases, the typical papular form of psoriasis was in 32, hypertrophic - in 11, pigmented - in 7, atrophic - in 4, and bullous - in 2. Along with atypical manifestations of mole red, a number of patients had characteristic polygonal papules (17).
Early restorative treatment of victims with closed diaphyseal fractures of the tibia bones
Abstract
The efficiency of the early rehabilitation treatment system was determined according to its results in 229 patients with closed diaphyseal fractures of the tibia bones who were hospitalized from 1983 to 1985.
The patients were divided into 2 groups. The 1st group included 142 patients treated with the standard methods: 74 - conservatively (by skeletal traction with the subsequent immobilization by hyposis bandage); 25 patients had plunge metal osteosynthesis (by plates, screws); 43 patients after unsuccessful attempt of conservative treatment had transposition osteosynthesis by Ilizarov apparatus at the terms of 3-4 weeks to 2.5-3 months after injury. Early functional treatment of patients in this group was difficult because of the forced position of the patients as well as the plaster casts fixing the adjacent joints.
Experience in the treatment of benign skin neoplasms in children with cryosurgery
Abstract
The most widespread method of treatment of benign skin neoplasms in children is surgical, but along with it other methods (sclerosing, electrocoagulation, cryogenic, radiation, hormonal, laser) are successfully developed. Among them, the cryogenic method is notable for its simplicity, availability, cost-effectiveness, safety, and high efficiency, and its possibilities have increased significantly due to the use of liquid nitrogen (-196° C) as a cooling agent and the creation of special devices.
Late imperfect osteogenesis in obstetrics and gynecology practice
Abstract
Imperfect osteogenesis (Lobstein disease, Wrolick disease, etc.) is a hereditary disease transmitted both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive and characterized by impaired bone formation. It is clinically manifested by blue sclerae, discolored tooth enamel ("amber" teeth), loose joints, muscle atrophy, and increased bone fragility. Subcostal fractures with little local pain and swelling are predominantly seen in this disease. They can be complete and incomplete, often fused at an angle, which leads to deformities of limbs and thorax in the form of disproportionately short arms and legs while the head, trunk, and feet are normal in size. The phalanges of the fingers are never broken. The configuration of the skull is characterized by a broad forehead bulging forward and steeply upward, the temporal bones overhanging the ear canals; the ears are protruding downward and outward.
Condition of microcirculation in parturients who have undergone moderate pathological blood loss
Abstract
The state of conjunctival microcirculation and blood coagulation was studied in parturients who underwent pathological blood loss, the amount of which did not exceed 20% of the proper BCC and ranged from 500 to 1000 ml.
Thirty-six parturient women were under observation; 20 of them constituted the study group and 16 the control one. The study group comprised women aged 18 to 32 years, of whom 12 first-born women and 8 second-born women were followed-up. The cause of bleeding in 13 women giving birth was uterine hypotonicity, in 2 women - a tight placenta attachment, in one - a detachment of the normally located placenta, in one - a placental defect, in 2 - deep vaginal ruptures. One woman in labor had a combination of tight placenta attachment and uterine hypotension. The amount of blood loss ranged from 400 to 800 ml in 17 women. In 3 parturients it reached 1000 ml. Infusion and transfusion therapy was administered in a timely manner and in sufficient volume. The Hb level 5-6 days after delivery was 1.64±0.15 mmol/l, in the control group - 1.74±0.14 mmol/l.
Hemocoagulation activity of fallopian tubes
Abstract
Thromboplastic and fibrinolytic properties of uterine tube extracts of 48 cadavers of women and girls who died and died of various causes were studied. Among them there were 16 cadavers of children under 10 years old, 16 of women of childbearing age and 16 of 50-75 years old. Uterine tube extracts were prepared at the rate of 20 mg of tissue per 1 ml of physiological solution. Total coagulating and thromboplastic activity of the extracts was judged by their effect on the clotting time of bestrombocyte plasma during recalcification and prothrombin utilization in it. Addition of 0.1 ml of the extract of initial concentration reduced the clotting time of low platelet plasma and increased prothrombin utilization in it. Similar effect of uterine tube extracts in all three age groups persisted until their dilution of 50 thousand times. The obtained data indicate rather high thromboplastic activity of fallopian tubes, which is the same at any age.
Use of central electroanalgesia for prolongation of pregnancy
Abstract
Central electroanalgesia was used to prolong pregnancy in 50 women in the risk group (primiparous women over 30 years of age). Women were referred to a rest home for pregnant women at 33 to 35 weeks' gestation. The control group included 10 primiparous women younger than 30 years of age.
Computational Method in the Examination of Temporary Disability for Vertebrogenic Diseases of the Nervous System
Abstract
The struggle for the reduction of morbidity with temporary disability acquires special importance in conditions of acceleration of socio-economic development of the country. Various kinds of errors in the examination of temporary disability - unreasonable issuance or prolongation of the certificate of incapacity for work and, on the contrary, unjustified refusal to issue and prolong the certificate of incapacity for work - have a significant impact on the formation of the morbidity rate. Due to the insufficient staffing of polyclinics with doctors of narrow specialties, certain difficulties in the examination of temporary disability are experienced by therapists when admitting non-specialized patients. As studies have shown, 72-81% of the patients from the total number of those examined by neurologists were referred to them by district therapists, while 32% of them did not need neurological care.
Aeroion therapy for lung diseases: indications and features of the technique
Abstract
In the system of stage-rehabilitation treatment of patients with bronchial and pulmonary diseases in the period of rehabilitation the non-medicamental, in particular, physiotherapeutic influences having hypersensitizing effect and increasing nonspecific resistance of an organism have the basic value. A certain place among non-pharmacological means of rehabilitation treatment is occupied by aeroion therapy, the possibilities of which are still insufficiently used, which seems to be caused by the fact that practical doctors and healthcare organizers are not aware of the essence of aeroion therapy, its possibilities, indications for use and methods. This short report is intended to fill this gap.
Professor Salikh Mukhutdinovich Kurbangaleev
Abstract
Professor Salikh Mukhutdinovich Kurbanaleev, the first director of the Kazan Medical Institute, veteran of labor and war, who now works at the consultation and diagnostic center of the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute, celebrates his 85th birthday.