Vol 23, No 9 (1927)
Past and present fascinations with therapy
Abstract
With a light hand of the famous Russian surgeon S.P. Fedorov, who has placed in the "New Surgical Archive" for 1926 (Vol. X, No. 4-5) article "Surgery at the crossroads," numerous reports have appeared concerning the questions raised in this article: mainly surgeons responded, then a gynecologist, a pathologist and an oculist. Only internists are silent, as if all is well on our front, and as if we don't have the same pressing issues that have so interested doctors in other specialties, especially surgeons. I believe, that the modern fascinations, marked so brightly and talented by Prof. Fedorov in surgery, exist also in our specialty and give us the right to touch them in the special report, which I will allow to make in the present session.
On specific and nonspecific blood lipolytic enzymes in tbc
Abstract
Clinic based on the modern doctrine of tbc, in connection with the works of Hamburger, Naegeli, Umber, Albrecht, Pirquet, Thille, Ghon, Burchardt and others on the prevalence of tbc, however, presents completely different requirements. The factual data of the above authors on the pathological and anatomical material undoubtedly speak about the presence of tbc in the majority of urban residents. And yet we know that in only a small proportion of those infected it leads to clinically provable organic changes, while biologically tbc can nest in the human body for decades.
On the diagnosis and therapy of gastric and duodenal ulcers
Abstract
We will not deal with the enormous literature on the subject, but will proceed directly to the presentation of our own observations in the clinic of Prof. J. A. Lovtsky for the last three years and in the polyclinic of the Vasileostrovsky district. During this time we have observed 56 patients with ulcer in the female therapeutic department of the clinic, and in the polyclinic - 26, 82 patients in total. Of this number there were 70 women and 12 men from the polyclinic material. Gastric ulcer occurred in 32 patients, peptic ulcer in 50.
Autonomic nervous system tone condition in gastric diseases
Abstract
Studying vegetative nervous system in patients with various diseases of internal organs, we, by the way, paid attention also to its condition in gastric patients. It was interesting for us to check results of researches of other authors in this direction and also to trace connection of vegetative nervous system with types of gastric cell secretion in various gastric diseases. We determined the tone of autonomic nervous system by the method of Daniélopolu and Garniol'a, as relatively more exact and devoid of sub'ectivism. We did not see any threatening, harmful influences on the patients from this method application. We studied 41 patients from 25 to 45 years old. Of them 20 patients had peptic ulcers (16 cases) and 12 duodenal ulcers (4 cases), 6 patients had hyperacidity, 12 patients had subacid and anacid catarrhs and 3 patients had stomach cancer.
The etiology of postoperative pneumonias
Abstract
The etiology of postoperative bronchitis and pneumonia, which still occupy not the last place among postoperative complications, still cannot be considered quite established, although their study began in the 80s of the last century, -When the number of other postoperative complications decreased due to the introduction of aseptic and antiseptic, the question about them was repeatedly discussed at the surgeons' congresses both Russian and foreign, and at the III and Vth congresses of Russian surgeons it was even on the agenda.
The method of wetting arterial trunks with 80% alcohol instead of Lericheʹa surgery
Abstract
The surgery of the sympathetic nervous system is being persistently developed, and of all the operative methods with which this new department of nervous surgery has managed to enrich itself, the periarterial sympathectomy is especially popular. The idea and the first experiments of this operation belong to Jaboulay, the further development and propaganda of the method to Leriche. By proposing the mentioned operation, these authors meant to change the blood supply to the limb, thus causing hyperemia in it by destroying the sympathetic plexuses, which lie in the periarterial tissue and vessel walls, for a certain extent.
Etiology of placental and postpartum atonic bleeding
Abstract
One of the severe complications of childbirth, often life-threatening and often permanently debilitating, is bleeding either during the separation and expulsion of the placenta, or immediately upon expulsion, i.e. at the end of the labor process, postpartum hemorrhage. Since both of these bleedings are caused by uterine atony, they are called atonic, as opposed to bleeding caused by ruptured walls of the birth canal.
On the fate of late ectopic pregnancies
Abstract
From the point of view of practical surgery, the most pressing issue here is the fate of the placenta in cases of late-gestational and postpartum ectopic pregnancies. While the removal of the fetus in such cases usually presents no particular difficulties, the surgeon in most cases of late ectopic pregnancy has to consider how to deal with the fetal sac, because removing the latter is often very risky and proves to be very difficult, and sometimes completely technically impossible, such as when the placenta is attached at the root of the mesentery, in the area of large vessels. From this point of view, the following 2 cases of late ectopic pregnancy, observed by us among the total number of 38 cases of ectopic pregnancy admitted to the department from 1920 to 1926, are of a certain interest.
National differences in immunity to Dickey's toxin and scarlet fever
Abstract
In our previous work, we stated that when examining children for Diek's reaction, we noticed a difference between Russians and Tatars in sensitivity to Dick's toxin. Comparing the total % of positive reactions we obtained in Tatars with the same % obtained in Russians, we notice a lower % in Tatars compared to Russians: the former give 23.1% of positive reactions, the latter 29.9%.
On the treatment of malignant skin neoplasms with X-rays
Abstract
Of the skin diseases amenable to the action of X-rays, malignant neoplasms deserve special attention. The powerful radiant energy of X-rays often brings a complete cure even in those severe, far advanced, non-operable cases where all other treatment methods are powerless. Some favorable reports of this kind date back to the beginning of the X-ray era, when the technique of irradiation was far from being perfect. Since then, the literature on the subject has grown considerably. Nevertheless, we still think it is worthwhile to share the results of our observations, because until very recently, there is far from being a unified, established view both on the biological effect of x-rays and on the method of their application.
A new treatment option for acute sore throats
Abstract
Excellent results obtained by many physicians during autohemotherapy in a number of cases of different diseases, especially some dermatoses of bacterial origin (acne vulgaris, impetigo, furunculosis, etc.), prompted me to test this therapeutic method for acute angina as well. In fact, if the influence of the patient's own blood (I do not touch here the theoretical grounds of this method) on pathological processes at the named diseases gives such a successful therapeutic effect, then, taking into account homogeneity of pathogens in both cases, the same effect can be expected also at angina, the nearest etiological moment of which should be considered introduction to the nasopharynx mucosa, mainly, of different cocci species. The results are so encouraging that I will allow myself to stop my comrades' attention to them.
Flatfoot as an occupational disease of printers
Abstract
One of the causes of the development of flat feet is prolonged standing, when the foot continuously, for several hours serves as a support for the entire weight of the person and is under great strain. Those professions in which workers have to spend a lot of time on their feet, while standing in a stationary position or performing very little movement, must have a particularly adverse effect on the foot, causing a lowering of its arch.
Towards the assignment and preservation of precipitating sera
Abstract
I consider it necessary to point out that receiving precipitating sera in our study was organized only in recent years, when a primitive room for experimental animals was equipped and some equipment was purchased. This could not but affect the course of work, since, due to the material difficulties of the office, it still does not have sufficient equipment. As a consequence of this I have been able to work with comparatively small material so far, and the results I report as preliminary. At present conditions of work are improving little by little, and the results of my further work will be reported later.
On defects and advances in inguinal herniotomy
Abstract
This lecture is dedicated to the interests of novice surgeons who are sufficiently familiar with the basics of classical inguinal herniotomy. Therefore, I will limit myself in it only by, firstly, drawing attention to some weaknesses inherent in inguinal hernia surgery in general and in the surgery of the novice surgeon in this area in particular, and secondly, highlighting from the achievements in this area what might be useful for the novice surgeon.
On changes in blood clotting in radiographers
Abstract
The authors found that the work of radiologists entails, in the great majority of cases, an impairment of the blood coagulation process towards its lowering. There is a direct correlation between length of service and decreased blood clotting.
To the etiology of cancer
Abstract
The authors conducted a large number of experiments on white mice with inducing cancer by smearing coal tar on the skin. The most interesting thing about these experiments is that sometimes the cancer after these lubrications occurred in places other than where they were applied.
Eosinophilia in irritation of pleura, peritoneum and subcutaneous tissue
Abstract
The author finds that air injected into the subcutaneous tissue of both humans and healthy dogs is the agent that causes eosinophilia, while being injected into the cavities of the pleura and peritoneum, it does not cause eosinophilia in a healthy dog.
Hypertension in young people
Abstract
Most cases of hypertension in the absence of renal disease fall on people who have passed their 4th decade of life. However, it is relatively not uncommon, according to the observations of Mog'a and Voiv, for essential hypertension, with pressure of 145-215 mm Hg, to be observed also in young sub-people. This hypertension is expressed in the latter by the same sub-ective disorders as in elderly people, but often does not give any seizures at all.
To the treatment of gastric ulcers
Abstract
A prerequisite for rapid healing of gastric ulcers is complete rest for both the stomach itself and the upper intestinal tract. To achieve this, Tillmann recommends feeding the patient exclusively by intravenous injection of grape sugar solution (5.00 per 1000.0 saline) for 10-12 days.
Differential diagnosis between diabetic and hypoglycemic coma
Abstract
According to Wichmann, it is not always easy to distinguish these two conditions. The author advises to pay attention to the pulse, which in diabetic coma is frequent and small, but correct, while in hypoglycemic, it is frequent, irregular and arrhythmic.
Treatment of mushroom poisoning
Abstract
The author recommends apomorphine for this purpose, usually in a dose of 0.005, and only undecomposed, pink-red solutions of this agent should be used. The gastric lavage should be performed only after gastric emptying, because more voluminous pieces of mushrooms usually already from the very beginning clog the lumen of the probe, and make attempts to lavage ineffective.
Local anesthesia in breast extirpation
Abstract
The author suggests anesthesia of the brachialis plexus according to Kühlenkampf, intercostal anesthesia of the six upper intercostal nerves and injections into the medial part of the operating field. The latter start from the acromion along the clavicle to its attachment to the sternum, then along the parasternal line to the rib arch and along the rib arch to the puncture point on the VIII rib.
On abdominal incisions
Abstract
The authors are against morphine as a preparatory agent before anesthesia and prefer ether anesthesia with preliminary preparation of the patient with atropine. Hunger diet, laxatives and enemas before surgery they consider unnecessary. To reduce postoperative acetoneemia it is advisable to prescribe carbohydrate-rich food in the last day before surgery. The authors attribute an important physiological role to the mesentery in protecting the abdominal organs from irritations arising from the disruption of normal relations in the gastrointestinal tract.
Neurotomy by Molotkov
Abstract
The author thinks that the transection of the sensitive nerves around the cancerous tumor in some cases does not affect the growth and structure of the latter, while in others it stimulates its growth while weakening the body; therefore the use of this method should be limited to non-operabolic cases only, to reduce the pain.
Herniotomy and appendectomy
Abstract
The author believes that with every right-sided herniotomy we should strive to remove the appendix; likewise, with every appendectomy (undertaken in the cold period) we should take care to preventively close the internal inguinal ring to avoid the development of inguinal hernias later on.
Treatment of burns
Abstract
According to the observations of Ya. M. Krinitsky, treatment of burns with ointments and fatty oils should be considerably limited. Of all the ways of treating them the best are either dry and, if possible, open method, or wet, with the use of antiseptic substances.
Early treatment of esophageal constrictions after alkali burns
Abstract
The author observed 151 new cases of this kind during 3 years, where he applied early treatment by probing. The vast majority of patients were successful, and only one case (189) was fatal. Suggesting early treatment, the author insists that the greatest caution, excluding any schematism, must be observed.
Liver during menstruation
Abstract
Neumann y 30 women could state before and during menstruation liver enlargement by 2-7 cm. Heilid's observation that most women on the 1st-2nd day of menstruation reacted with glycosuria and hyperglycemia to administration of 100.0 sucrose could not be confirmed.
Causes of metabolic disorders in pregnancy
Abstract
The author proceeds from the assumption that metabolism in all tissues is under the influence of the general incretory-vegetative-mental system, and the coordinated acting incretory and vegetative apparatuses are under the regulating influence of the central nervous system, and therefore are amenable to the influence of mental moments.
Study of eclampsia
Abstract
His study of eclampsia led him to a series of conclusions, formulated by him in 42 points, of which we present the most important. Eclampsia is a disease specific to pregnancy and associated with a delay in the body of NaCl and increased blood pressure, without which there are no seizures. Neither albuminuria nor kidney damage causes seizures. The cause of the onset of eclampsia sub partu is not dependent on uterine contractions, per se, but is related to the presence of emotions, pain and body tension.
Treatment of eclampsia
Abstract
Исходя из теории Zangemeister’a, что в основе экламптических судорог лежит отек мозга, главным моментом терапии эклампсии автор считает обезвоживание организма. Его профилактическое лечение заключается в сухой, бессолевой диэте, в движениях на свежем воздухе, применении 0,05 камфоры 3 раза в день и mixturae diureticae.
Etiological significance of umbilical cord entanglement around the fetal cervix in the occurrence of bifurcation
Abstract
In a sample of 22,922 births in Copenhagen, the author found that this cord abnormality was no more common in the unfolded presentation than in the occipital presentation, namely, in the anterior-cranial in 19.6%, in the frontal in 22.2%, in the facial in 20.3%, while in the occipital in 22.1%.
Delivery after caesarian section
Abstract
The author cites statistics from the Charité clinic from 1910 to 1925. For 28,917 births a caesarian section was performed 357 times (1.2%). The mortality rate was 1.4%. Subsequent pregnancies occurred 118 times, with no complications during them.
Lumbar puncture in epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in infants
Abstract
According to observations of N.M. Frishman, lumbar punctures in epidemic meningitis in infants, even if performed repeatedly, are safely tolerated by patients, if they release a small amount of fluid. Moreover, they sometimes have a favorable effect on the disease in the sense of weakening some of its seizures.
Stomach activity in diseases of the brain
Abstract
Having carried out a number of studies in this direction, the authors found that for the secretory and motor activity of the stomach there are, apparently, different independent centers in the cerebral cortex. Therefore, for example, in brain tumors the acidity of gastric juice is increased, while the motor function is delayed.
Blood changes in syphilis of the central nervous system
Abstract
In syphilitic diseases of the central nervous system the blood undergoes a number of changes, namely, there is a decrease in the resistance of erythrocytes, in 70% of all cases there is an acceleration of the sedimentation reaction of the latter, etc., but the number of lymphocytes remains normal.
Mechanism of action of malaria vaccination
Abstract
The authors consider the main point of nonspecific therapy (which includes artificial inoculation of malaria) the increase of amino acids in the blood, which comes either by destroying proteins in the disease focus (focal reaction), or by a general increase in protein metabolism.
Effect of ultraviolet light on the vitamin C content of cow's milk
Abstract
As is well known, in recent years, for the treatment of rickets intensively recommended feeding children with milk subjected to ultraviolet light. According to Raehör's observations (Klin. Woch., 1926, No. 50) such lighting not only significantly worsens the smell and taste of milk, but also deprives it of antiscorbutic and antirachitis properties on the grounds of destruction of vitamins C and A under the influence of significant formation of ozone.
Surgical treatment of inguinal hernia in childhood
Abstract
The author finds that the number of inguinal hernias in early childhood, due to incomplete overgrowth of the processus vaginalis peritonei, greatly prevails over the number of the same in older children. Some of these hernias heal spontaneously due to overgrowth of proc. vaginalis and lengthening of the inguinal canal itself. Bandage treatment, even in the most cultured setting, cannot guarantee with absolute certainty the budding of the hernia sac.
Use of multivalent vaccines to prevent and treat bronchopneumonias
Abstract
In search of means to reduce mortality from bronchopneumonia in children, especially that which follows measles and nasal diphtheria, Samsaen and Dreyfus administered the Salimbeni preventive vaccine to all those admitted to the isolation ward of the Orphanage.
Occupational upper respiratory tract and ear diseases in cement industry workers
Abstract
The scarce and contradictory information about the effect of cement dust on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract is considerably supplemented by Dr. Potapov's report on the results of a special team surveying the workers of the Volsk cement plants.
Retrobulbar optic neuritis due to diseases of the posterior sinuses
Abstract
Close anatomical connection between the optic nerve and the posterior nasal appendages and the commonality of their circulatory system explain optic nerve lesions in purulent and catarrhal processes in the posterior sinuses. N.A. Khristianov describes a case of left-sided retrobulbar optic neuritis cured by opening the middle and posterior lattices of the same side, affected by chronic catarrh.
Ozena treatment
Abstract
The author cites 58 cases of treatment of Ozena with a mixed vaccine, which included Coccobacillus Abel'i and Bacillus scleroma. Preliminary bacteriological examination of the nasal secretions of these patients yielded a pure culture of the Abelʹya microbe in 13 cases and in 22 cases a mixture with other bacteria; in 11 cases a coccus similar to Peretzʹa coccobacillus was found and in 3 cases a true Peretzʹa coccobacillus.
For individual blood diagnostics
Abstract
The author proposed to use the phenomenon of continuous protoplasmic thickening from the birth of an individual to his death established by Ruzick for forensic practice. The degree of this thickening is determined on the one hand by sedimentation and on the other hand by determining the concentration of H-ions according to the method of Michaelis.
Therapy in acute cases
Abstract
We are accustomed to German textbooks and manuals, and the appearance of this book, translated from the French, should be welcomed, because it came from the pen of the talented clinician Odo, receiving an excellent and quite consistent with the merits of the book recommendation of the famous French scientist and clinician Professor Grasset (Montpellier).
From symptom to disease
Abstract
This book is prefaced with a foreword by the famous French clinician Prof. Grasset (Montpellier). The task taken by T. Grasset - the transition from symptom to disease, the question that the practitioner has to constantly face at the patient's bedside is not always easy in essence. Here for the assessment it is necessary to have a strict subjective-objective analysis and the ability to understand the distinctive; properties of pathological reveals.
II Volga Region Scientific Congress of Physicians
Abstract
Being elected chairman of the Congress, I was able to say in my opening speech that I considered its success to be unquestionable. The reality surpassed all my expectations, proof of which are the following figures: the number of members of Kazan S'ezda was 343, but Saratov S'ezda had 1345 participants, i.e. almost four times more; guest doctors at I Volga S'ezda were only 103, at II S'ezda-567, i.e. 5½ times more; total number of reports heard at Kazan S'ezda was 115, at Saratov-260.
Chronicle
Abstract
The Council of People's Commissars of the Republic of Tatarstan adopted a resolution on the organization of the Tuberculosis Institute in Kazan.
In 1925, courses for advanced training of pharmacists were organized at the Kazan University, and 72 pharmacists were enrolled. At present, these courses are in danger of being closed for lack of funds. It is imperative that the relevant authorities take measures against this, because highly qualified pharmacists are just as necessary as highly qualified workers in other branches of production.
Questions and answers
Abstract
What have been the stages of therapeutic thinking over the past 30-40 years? Subp. no. 704.
Answer. It is difficult to give an exhaustive answer to this question. The editors refer the subscriber to the lecture of Prof. S.S. Zimnitsky "On Directions in Therapy," published in Nos. 18-19 of the "Medical Gazette" for 1917, and to the article of Prof. H.E. Kushev "Passions for Therapy in the Past and Present," placed in this issue of the "Journal". Ed. Board.