Vol 23, No 5 (1927)
Joseph Lister and his importance in surgery
Abstract
This year marks the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Joseph Lister. Who among us does not know this name? Who among us does not know about the great upheaval to which surgery owes Lister? Who of the workers of culture and science does not care for the name of this benefactor of mankind, who saved the latter, by creating his system of antisepsis, from an innumerable series of unnecessary deaths and sufferings? Like a hurricane, Lister's doctrine burst into surgery and split it by a deep chasm into two periods - the period of old, pre-Lister's surgery and the period of antiseptic surgery.
Regarding changes in the thyroid glands in B avitaminosis
Abstract
Recently in physiological works of Verzar, Vаѕаrheli, v. Avaya and Zih'a we have an attempt to ground the gas exchange decreased at avitaminosis B (a fact which is quite reasonably considered as very important in the picture of this disease by E. Abderhalder and others) by decrease or even loss of thyroid glands' incretion. We must, however, point out that there are still many disputable and unclear points in this question.
On the endocrine pathogenesis of malignant neoplasms
Abstract
The teaching of tumors, especially malignant ones, most clearly reflects the evolutionary phases in biological medicine. The doctrine of hormones brings it back to the path of the humoral theory, and the further growth of hormonology links it closely to the cellular hypothesis. Thus, for example, Zondek and his school explain the interaction between cell and hormone by the cell's electrolytes or the content of ions in it, namely, by the distribution of electrolytes within the cell and on its membranes; on this, according to Zondek, depends the variability of the incretin action proceeding in the periphery of the body, although each cell is the carrier of specific hormones received by it through blood or lymph. Hence, says Zondek, a variety of moments can change the structure of a tissue and with it its ability to respond to hormones, and the hereditary factors which determine the structure of the tissue (genotypic mode of response, Bauer) are of enormous importance for the clinical picture of the symptoms.
Observations on treatment with ultraviolet rays of the mercury-quartz lamp in the Ulyanovsk TB Dispensary
Abstract
Not more than two decades have passed since the first works of Beruhardt and Roilier on the importance of sunlight in the treatment of tbc (surgical) appeared. Even earlier Einsen, Unna, Wiedmark and Naminer, who are the ancestors of phototherapy, proved by several studies that the well-known tan, which is after a more or less long stay in the sphere of sun rays, depends not on thermal, but on the so-called chemical, ultraviolet (UV) rays.
To the clinic of infected ulcers of the stomach and duodenum
Abstract
We will not touch the controversial question of the role of infection in the genesis of ulcers and will adopt the point of view of the French school (Duval, Roux, Montier, Girault), for which the concept of an infected ulcer is only a concept of a pathological-anatomical and clinical nature, related to the concept of the evolution of an already existing ulcer, depending on its secondary infection. This evolution of the ulcer, in the presence of a new ingredient of infection, creates some peculiarities in its clinical manifestation,-peculiarities which, in suitable cases, can and must be taken into account both in the choice of time and in the choice of method of surgical intervention. Thus, the question under consideration by us has not only theoretical character, but, as we will try to state below, acquires also a certain practical interest.
On appendicopathia oxytirica
Abstract
At the present time there is great interest among physicians in questions of human helminthology, which, in fairness, is singled out as a separate science, and in Japan and America there are even departments of helminthology. A great connoisseur of the latter, Prof. Skryabin, counts 130 species of worms parasitizing in the human body; he has found up to 16 species of them in the body of one worm owner.
On pulmonary hernias
Abstract
A pulmonary hernia, i.e. the protrusion of lung tissue through an opening in the wall of the chest cavity under the skin of the chest, is extremely rare. In contrast to the wall of the abdominal cavity, here the conditions for the occurrence of a hernial opening are very unfavorable, since the strong musculoskeletal wall of the chest presents serious obstacles to it. Not surprisingly, therefore, special conditions are required for the occurrence of a pulmonary hernia. Such conditions are: 1) congenital underdevelopment of the chest wall, e.g., a defect of the intercostal muscles. 2) sudden repeated increases of intrathoracic pressure, e.g. when coughing, playing wind instruments, etc., 3) trauma accompanied by violation of the integrity of the thoracic wall with subsequent replacement of the defect by a scar. The latter factor is predominant in the origin of pulmonary hernia.
The dependence of fetal development on the duration of the mother's menstrual period
Abstract
The rather old (1882) observation of Guzzi, who observed that the weight and length of newborns are directly proportional to the number of days of the mother's menstrual period, has lately again attracted the attention of researchers. Thus Revelli on 2500 cases, and Szenes and Mondré on 739 cases could generally confirm Guzzi's data, while La Tarke, on the contrary, came to negative data. Our work was already finished when Dr. Agabekov reported, who, on the basis of 462 cases, also adheres to the opinion of Guzzi.
On menotoxicosis and its treatment with outgamotherapy
Abstract
So far, all attempts to prove the presence of a certain specific poison in menstruation must be considered unsuccessful. Even the question of such a specific toxin is called into question altogether, and the approach to this problem must be quite different from that which has hitherto been used by various authors. Gengenbach, reviewing in detail the literature on this question, concludes that it is more correct to speak not of a specific hypothetical menstrual poison, but of known toxicoses. Such toxicoses occur not due to the invasion of poison from outside, but due to the imbalance or regulation in the body of biochemical processes.
A new system of constitutional types of women
Abstract
Trying to give here a new system of constitutional types of women, I thereby provoke in readers the idea that the presently existing systems are insufficient, why a new system is proposed. If this argument were not present, readers would have every reason to object: Why do we need a new system of constitutions? We have enough well-founded systems that work perfectly well in practice as it is! Why pile on unnecessary ballast and confuse the already complicated and confused science of the constitution? In order to protect myself from such objections, I must first of all prove the insufficiency of the existing systems of constitutional types. To prove this insufficiency I will stop on a critical analysis only of Kretschmer's system, because exactly this system enjoys at present the greatest recognition and wide application in practice.
On the treatment of eczema with intravenous infusions of sodium bromide
Abstract
In 1918, the late Professor A. I. Lebedev applied treatment of some skin diseases with intravenous infusions of sodium bromide and obtained excellent results: eczemas, which could not be cured and had tormented patients for years, urticaria, herpetiform dermatitis, erythema exudative, were cured within a fairly short time exclusively with this method. In many cases, patients were relieved by this method from persistent and unpleasant relapses of these dermatoses. Although treatment with bromine salts and other per os of skin diseases, especially acute eczema, has a very long history, but such an effective result has not been noted by any author.
Manoilov's reaction in the light of contemporary criticism
Abstract
In 1923, Manoilov reported his discovery of a chemical reaction that could be used to distinguish between male and female blood. The profound interest that was aroused by this report is quite understandable. In recent years, a number of works have been devoted to Manoilov's reaction, but only recently, when the enthusiasm for this assay has subsided, has the chemistry of the reaction become clear to a certain extent. Manoilov proposed three modifications of his reaction, but, according to him, preference should be given to the last, third modification, as giving the most correct results. The reagent used for this modification consists of five separate solutions gradually added to the blood emulsion, or to the serum solution prepared according to a certain standard.
On the content of iodine in the water of Izhevsk mineral spring
Abstract
We investigated minimal amounts of iodine using the microcolorimetric method proposed by M. T. Lecco (in 1896) and developed in detail by Th. v. Fellenberg (in 1923). Basically, this method consists in binding all J, irrespective of its state (free J, iodide, iodate, organic iodine compound), with carbonic alkali and converting it into iodide (KJ), which, when acted on with sulfuric acid, releases free iodine, which stains chloroform red-violet color.
Preoperative preparation of the patient
Abstract
The life of the patient undergoing surgery depends on the intensity of the painful onset, the degree of the body's resistance, preoperative preparation, surgical intervention, and postoperative care. All members of this five may be equally important, but in any case they are unequally developed, and the doctrine of preoperative preparation is the least developed. Here, except for the satisfactorily studied preparation of the operative field, everything else is still so unclear that it has not even taken on the nature of a systematic teaching, - questions of this kind are addressed only in isolated works, scattered and drowning in the general mass of surgical literature.
Fallopian tubes blowing and other new methods of diagnosing and treating fallopian tube diseases
Abstract
Diseases of the uterine appendages have always had a prominent place in the etiology of infertility. These were inflammatory and neoplastic processes resulting in changes which in most cases were already detected by bimanual examination, such as various types of saccosalpinx, tubal fibromas, salpigitis nodosa, cystic ovarian changes, tubal-ovarian cysts, etc. The mechanism of infertility in such changes is clear, but only with the introduction of Rubinʹa method into gynecological practice did the actual role of the Fallopian tubes in the origin of infertility become clear, or rather, began to become clear.
Active immunization against cancer. Nather и Schnitzler (Wiener kl. Woch., 1926, No. 48)
Abstract
The authors immunized mice by repeated injections of a suspension of cancer cells. Experiments with vaccination of such animals showed that such immunization has no prophylactic value - vaccinated mice turn out to be as susceptible to cancer as unvaccinated ones.
Poerperal streptococcus toxin. Lasch, Аbrаiham, Berth Kaplan (Ber. ü. d. g. Gyn., Bd. XI)
Abstract
The toxic substance isolated by the authors from cultures of hemolytic puerperal streptococcus has all the properties of a toxin: it gives a latent period between inoculation and reaction, it is liable to heat, is neutralized by immune serum antitoxin, causes formation of immune bodies.
Blood test for tbc bacilli in tbc lesions of the female genital tract. Васіаlli (Riv. ital. di gin., f. 4, 1926; Ber. ü. d. g. Gyn., Bd. XI)
Abstract
To 5-10 cc of blood from the ulnar vein, 3% acetic acid and 50% antiformin are added successively and diluted with absolute alcohol. The precipitate is washed with distilled water and stained by Ziehlʹ or Much-Weissʼ. In 20 cases of tbc appendages, acid-fastening bacilli were found in the blood of patients in this manner, but if the distilled water was passed through a Chamberland's candle, the result was negative.
Treatment of tuberculosis in pregnant and postpartum women. Menge (Zentr. f. Gyn., 1926, No. 14)
Abstract
The author believes that the obstetrician should not play the role of a mere technical performer when deciding on indications for termination of pregnancy in tuberculosis patients. Experience has shown that a significant number of women who are referred for termination of pregnancy because of tuberculosis are found to be free of tuberculosis under close observation.
Cytological studies of peritoneal fluid. Vogt (Arch. f. Gyn., Bd. 128)
Abstract
In 4 normal women, the author found 30% lymphocytes and 70% leukocytes; in diseases such as appendiceal tumors, ovarian tumors, and myomas, lymphocytes predominate (50-90%); in uterine cervical cancers the cytological picture does not change.
The significance of stereoscopic X-ray pictures. Frey (Zentr. f. Chir., 1927, No. 6)
Abstract
The author points out the advantages of fluoroscopy for determining the position of foreign bodies, the position of fragments in bone fractures and articular body injuries. Stereoscopy is especially valuable when examining ribs, vertebrae, and the skull, where numerous overlapping shadows confuse the picture, and a slight deviation from the norm cannot be determined by the radiograph.
To the pathogenesis and clinic of postlethysiology inflammation of rib cartilages. D.A. Vasilenko (Dnepropetr. M. J., 1926, No. 7-8)
Abstract
The author was convinced that this inflammation is based on the introduction of paratyphoid bacillus N1. Postlethyphoid inflammation of the rib cartilages affects sub'ects only at the age of over 20 years, when cavities are formed in the cartilaginous tissue.
About bleeding after gastroenterostomy. Jungblüth (Zentr. f. Chir., 1927, No. 10)
Abstract
The author, who observed bloody vomiting two hours after the operation according to Bier's method, without stitching the mucosa, believes that this bleeding was from the gastric wall, and not from the ulcer, since the latter was not touched during the operation.
Gastrointestinal bleeding after appendectomy. M. V. Mikhailov (Russ. Klin., 1926, No. 29)
Abstract
When discussing the issue of immediate complications after appendectomy surgery, M.V. Mikhailov draws attention to gastrointestinal bleeding. In the material of the Moscow Basman Hospital such bleedings occurred 4 times per 2000 appendectomies, i.e. in 0.2%. Two theories have been proposed to explain their origin: septic-infectious and thrombo-embolic.
Treatment of purulent peritonitis. Pamperl (Med. Klin., 1926, No. 37— 38)
Abstract
The author treats purulent peritonitis as follows: early operation is possible, and, if circumstances permit, it is useful to pre-prepare the patient with napertia, coffein, and intravenous injection of 20 cc. 40% grape sugar solution to reduce the danger of anesthesia to the heart; the site of the incision is chosen according to the localization of the process; the wound is lubricated with Peruvian balsam before opening the peritoneum; if peritonitis spills over, the abdominal cavity is flushed; if the infectious focus can be reliably turned off, drainage is not necessary; wire sutures. Careful stretching of rectal stomas after surgery facilitates the evacuation of gases and feces.
About sutures after removal of the appendix. R. Frank (Zentr. f. Chir., 1927, No. 8)
Abstract
The author suggests placing a gentle intestinal clamp on the cecum after removal of the appendix. This clamp makes it possible to pull up into the wound and easily fix the intestinal wall we need in order to peritonize and stitch the stump of the appendix.
On the genesis of glaucoma. Nordenson (from ref. Zentr. f. g. Ophth.)
Abstract
The author draws attention to the fact that only the theory that puts changes of the vitreous body in the basis of glaucoma satisfactorily explains the origin of the shallow anterior chamber of the eye in this disease. Namely, the lens diaphragm, due to the swelling of the vitreous body, moves forward, constricts the angle of the anterior chamber, etc. The swelling and increase in the volume of the vitreous body in glaucoma is caused by water retention in the vitreous body or mechanical obstruction to its outflow through the lens diaphragm.
To the etiology of cataracts. Weil, Nordman (Annal, d’ocul., 1926)
Abstract
In examining the relationship between cataracts and the general state of the body, and comparing the various theories that exist on this subject, the authors find that sometimes the cause of cataracts is a decrease in the amount of calcium in the blood.
Betaine in human amniotic fluid. Кirsten (Zentr. f. Gyn., 1927, No. 9)
Abstract
Studying the composition of amniotic fluid, the author found in it the presence of glycolbetaine, meat-lactic acid, aromatic oxyacids and histidine-histidine-leucine derivative. He considers new and especially important the presence of betaine, which until now was found in the human body only in echinococcal fluid.
Early diagnosis of pregnancy. Вeruto (Веr. ü. d. g. G., Bd. XI)
Abstract
The author tested the value of Camnitzer's Joseph's floridzine reaction with the floridzine-maturina preparation and obtained 95.6% positive results in pregnant women and 3.3% in non-pregnant women. The accuracy of the test decreases with increasing gestational age, so that pregnant women up to 1½ months gave 100% positive results, pregnant women up to 2% months - 93.4%, and pregnant women 3% months only 87.54% positive results.
Action of placental extract from patients with indigestible vomiting of pregnant women. Lévy-Solal, Jan Dalsасе, Соhеn-Sоlal (Веr. ü. d. des. Gyn., Bd. XI)
Abstract
0.5 cc of glycerol placenta extract injected intracardially has no effect, but the same 0.5 cc of extract + 0.5 cc of fresh human serum after 15-60 seconds causes a typical shock in the pig if the pig is not pregnant. Normal placenta extract has no such effect.
The etiology of tubal pregnancy. Pankow (Arch. f. G., Bd. 125), Мс Nalley (Amer. journ. of obst. a. gyn., v. 12, No. 3)
Abstract
The author, considering the causes of egg implantation in the tube, believes that they may lie either in the properties of the egg itself, or in the peculiarities of the tube. The properties of the egg itself, leading to its implantation in the tube, are reduced to the excess of vital energy in it, which causes its prematurely achieved ability to graft. On the side of the tube, the main etiological points. R. considers the formation of diverticula and adhesion of certain folds of the tubal mucosa, with developmental abnormalities underlying these features of the tube.
Towards abortion therapy. Kubinyi (Веrіch. Bd. XI)
Abstract
The author cites the basic principles he adheres to in the treatment of abortions. K. considers only heavy bleeding to be an indication for active therapy, and he considers medication therapy with simultaneous cervical and vaginal tamponade to be the best course of action.
Increased incidence of atonic postpartum bleeding. Кüstner (Mon. f. G. u. G., Bd. LXXV, H. 6)
Abstract
The author traced the clinic material from January 1, 1911, to July 1, 1926. During this period there were a total of 25,000 women in labor, of whom 1,550 gave atonic hemorrhages with blood loss of 600 to 1,400 cst. A study of the frequency of bleeding by year and also according to the age of the women in labor yielded very interesting results.
Local anesthesia of the uterine cervix. Мikuliсz-Rаdeсkі (Deut. med. Woch., 1926, No. 49)
Abstract
To make the dilation of the cervical canal painless, the author recommends making 4-6 injections into the outermost layer of the cervical myometrium, around the canal; the needle should thus penetrate deep into 3-4 centimeters, and 40-50 cc of ½ % novocaine solution with suprarenin is injected this way; pain relief comes in 5 minutes.
Dysmenorrhea and its treatment. Sahler (Wiener klin. Woch., 1926, No. 48)
Abstract
According to Sahler, the cause of dysmenorrhea in those cases where there are no gross mechanical obstacles to the outflow of menstrual blood lies in the convulsive contractions of the uterine muscles under the influence of various factors, both constitutional and endocrine in nature, and neuropsychological, acting through the autonomic nervous system.
Results of the treatment of uterine and vaginal cancers at Prof. Witt's clinic. Philipp (Mün. m. Woch., 1926, No. 7)
Abstract
A total of 1104 patients were treated. Free of recurrence within 5 years 23.5 i.e. 21.3%. 206 were operated on, the rest were treated with X-ray and radium. Of those who were operated on within 5 years 40.79% were free of recurrence, most of them underwent prophylactic X-rays.
Treatment of gonorrhoids vulvo-vaginitis in early childhood. B. Y. Ivanter-Braginskaya (Jour. on early childhood, vol. IV, No. 5)
Abstract
Having tested various methods of treatment of this disease in 24 cases of children aged from 5½ months to 16 months, B. Y. Ivanter-Braginskaya found that the best method of treatment here is vaccine therapy: the cure is achieved in a shorter time than with local treatment, relapses are observed less often than with the latter.
Treatment of acute gonorrheal adnexitis. Vonkennel (Münch. med. Woch., 1926, No. 45)
Abstract
The author recommends for this purpose intravenous injections of afenil (10% calcium chloride solution by Knoll) in a dose of 10 cc. Performing these injections once a day, it is possible, in acute and subacute gonorrhoids salpingo-oophoritis, in 8 - 12 days to obtain such results, such with conventional anti-inflammatory treatment are obtained only in 3-4 weeks, and doing injections on 2 times a day, it is possible already in 2-3 days to stop "acute adnexitis.
To the etiology of ozena. Albrecht (Zeit. für Hals,-Nasen-und Ohrh., 1926, Bd. 15, 2—4 Heft)
Abstract
The author thinks that of the numerous theories of the occurrence of ozenosis, only two are worthy of attention, namely, first, the one that speaks of a specific causative agent, and second, the one that considers the cause of ozenosis to be the constitution.
Bone implantation in ozena. Möbius (Zeit, für Hals-, Nasen u. Ohrenheilk., 1926, S. 214)
Abstract
The author performed 80 operations of spongy bovine bone implantation in osteoarthritis with satisfactory results. Experience showed him that it is advisable to use very porous bone as an implant, as connective tissue can sprout it more perfectly. The author used small pieces of bone, as they fit better into the nose and grow through the granulation tissue better.
Meetings of medical societies. Society of Physicians at Kazan University. Vol. 23, No. 5 (1927)
Abstract
Session 4/IV.
Dr. M.V. Sergievsky: To a question on inhibition of salivary glands secretion. The speaker's task was to analyze in detail the conditions of inhibition and to establish the relation of inhibitory nerves to some pharmacological substances. It turned out that the sympathetic nerve when irritated by a strong current causes, in parallel with stopping saliva secretion, obtained by chord irritation, also changes in the blood circulation of the gland, and possibly in the chemistry of the blood.
Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists at Kazan University. Vol. 23, No. 5 (1927)
Abstract
Session 23/III.
Dr. E. V. Sukhova showed a patient with lesions of conus and epiconus medullaris. Patient G., 44 years old, having no lues, abusing alcohol, fell ill in November 1923, with pains in the lower back and weakness in the legs, which forced him to remain in bed. Three months later, improvement occurred, G. began to walk, but his right foot continued to fail; no pelvic organ disorders were observed. At the end of July, 1926, after a number of colds, weakness in legs again, and after a few days, after a large drink, the paresis became very sharp, urinary incontinence, constipation, impotence developed.
Scientific Meetings of Doctors of the State Institute for Advanced Medical Training in Kazan. Vol. 23, No. 5 (1927)
Abstract
Meeting 87th 15 / XI 1926.
Prof. V. Ye. Adamyuk demonstrated 2 patients after keratoplasty. Dr. L.N. Klyachkin: On the question of the badleological reaction.
Dr. A. N. Kruglov and G. S. Liorber: I All-Union Congress of Eye Doctors.
Meeting 88th 17 / XII 1926.
Dr. A. G. Musin: A case of the known echinococcus of the abdominal wall (with a demonstration of the patient).
Dr. A. N. Mirkin, E. R. Mogilevsky and D. B. Rabinovich: Study of stomach chlorides. as a diagnostic method. The report was published in full in No. 2 of the journal for tech. year.
Dr. M. S. Lifshits: III Volga Malaria Congress.
Chronicle. Vol. 23, No. 5 (1927)
Abstract
At the clinics of Kazan University, evening outpatient appointments are open, exclusively for insured workers and employees.
130) Dr. Yenaleev, who was previously the deputy of the People's Commissariat for Health, was appointed as the People's Commissariat of Health of the Tatrespublika. T. Enaleev, the son of a peasant, during the war worked as a pharmacy paramedic in the army, in 1920 he entered the Moscow Medical Institute, after which he was appointed to the disposal of the Regional Committee of the TR.
131) A question has been raised about the establishment of a medical technical school in Kazan for national minorities, namely, Cheremis, Mordovians, Zyryans and Votyaks.
Questions and answers. Vol. 23, No. 5 (1927)
Abstract
In view of several cases of request to me to make "vaccination against pregnancy" by spouses, I ask not to refuse to inform: 1) To make single or multiple introduction of a sperm, and if multiple, in what intervals? 2) Is the semen administered in its pure form or in a warm solvent, and what is its dosage? 8) What is the technique of obtaining inoculum? Physician Panin.
Answer. At present, I do not use sperm inoculation to prevent pregnancy, since a special vaccine has been developed by me (in cooperation with Dr. E.I. Zabolotskaya). This vaccine is a carbolized physiological solution of NaCl, in which hetero-spermatozoa are suspended, killed by acetone. One cc contains 300,000 spermatozoa. Vaccinations are given four times in increasing doses with a 7-day break. A new single vaccination is required after 4-5 months. The vaccine is not commercially available, as it is still being tested. Experimental data and isolated observations on women have given quite favorable results. I hope to put the vaccine on sale as soon as it has been tested.
Prof. M. Tushnov.