Vol 30, No 7-8 (1934)
On some occupational factors of rheumatism in railroads
Abstract
Although a number of authors have pointed to an increased incidence of rheumatism among transport workers, although at the International Anti-Rheumatic Congress in 1934 this branch of labor was put forward together with miners and metal workers for special study, still the main factors of rheumatism in transport remain understudied. Therefore, the scientific justification of measures to combat the disease among railroad workers is still scarce, and there are no standard rheumatic sanitary minima for individual transport professions.
Rheumatism and tuberculosis in railroad occupations
Abstract
Our observations concern rheumatic diseases of the movement-joints, muscles and tuberculosis diseases of the respiratory organs in leading railway transport professions, according to the Kazan Railway Medical Association from 1930 to 1933.
Dynamics of articular rheumatism among workers in Kazan
Abstract
That rheumatism is a disease of great social importance is recognized by all authors both in our country and in other countries. But no capitalist country has the favorable conditions which our Soviet Union has at its disposal to organize a comprehensive study of this issue. The importance of this issue is determined by the place of rheumatic diseases in the general morbidity of workers. Much attention is given by clinicians to the etiopathogenesis and clinic of rheumatic diseases. Not a few difficulties are experienced by the doctor in understanding the reaction of the body to this disease. Many authors point out that there is insufficient clarity in the clinic of rheumatic diseases, there is no unified classification of rheumatic diseases.
Positional device
Abstract
The positioner is basically a platform that can be quickly lowered down to the desired height. The platform has a long vertical rod carrying a kephalograph. The test person stands on the platform under the kephalograph, and the vibrations of his body are recorded on the kymograph in the usual way.
Blood and urine chlorides in rheumatic infection
Abstract
The study of rheumatic diseases has attracted exceptional research attention in recent years. Along with the precise detailing of the classification of rheumatic diseases of the joints, the clinical characteristic of rheumatic diseases is revisited and clarified. Recently, the biochemical properties of the body and the entire course of metabolism in rheumatic infection have also been subjected to detailed study. In the present report, which is part of the general work carried out in our clinic to study rheumatism, we present data characterizing variations in chloride in the blood and urine in rheumatic diseases.
Treatment of croup pneumonia with antidiphtheria serum
Abstract
Among diseases of internal organs lobar inflammation of lungs takes rather prominent place: 5-6,4% of all internal diseases and about 3% of all diseases in general (Jurgensen, Jürgensen). Mortality from croupous pneumonia equals approximately 20% (Sokolovsky), in Leningrad hospitals from 20.5 to 22.8%; in Moscow hospitals - 21.8 to 23.7%; for Warsaw 24.4%, Kazan 16.7%; (Zimnitsky), according to the Yakutsk Regional Hospital for 1925 17.6% for 1926 25%, an average of 21.3%. Not surprisingly, doctors are looking for a treatment that would reduce mortality, shorten the duration of the disease, and moderate the severity of the symptoms.
On the essence and treatment of putrefactive bronchitis
Abstract
Still putrefactive bronchitis is considered as a chronic secondary disease of unknown origin, with uncertain, mostly hopeless prognosis in terms of recovery. This form of bronchitis is described separately and independently from the stinky runny nose, ozenna, as an independent disease.
Such a view was established due to the fact that a pure isolated form of putrid bronchitis does not occur very often; it is difficult to establish early the beginning of its development after acute bronchitis, and it gets under the supervision of a specialist very late as a chronic protracted disease without the tendency to recover, due to the already developed deep changes and serious complications. This view is greatly facilitated by the ingrained stereotypes about the therapy of putrefactive bronchitis and its negligible success in very rare cases.
On arsenic excretion by the lungs in the clinic of arsenic poisonings
Abstract
In our previous works we pointed out the importance that has in the clinic of occupational poisoning the question of arsenic excretion by the lungs. We used the technique of determining small concentrations of arsenic in the exhaled air by biological means in experiments on rabbits and in people who received subcutaneous injections of therapeutic doses of arsenic, which we used together with A.A. Preobrazhensky, was carried out in two cases of arsenic poisoning.
Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis
Abstract
The reason for special attention to epidemic c. c. m. is the increase in the number of diseases observed in recent years, often unsuccessful therapy, and in connection with this the presence of severe complications and high mortality. According to the materials of our clinic, at least for the last 5 years, it is possible to note a steady growth of the morbidity curve of epid. c. s. In 1927 there were two cases of c. c. s.; in 1927 there were two cases of c. s. s. s. s. In 1928 -14 cases; 1929 -17 cases;. 1930, 19 cases; 1931, 88 cases; for the first half of 1932, 31 cases. Out of 370 cases of c. c. m. in Kazan, the Clinic of Children's Diseases of K. G. M. I., Department for Meningitis, carried out for the period 1931-32 -119 cases, which is 32,1% of the percentage of cases in the city.
To the epidemiology and serum treatment of scarlatina
Abstract
The problem of scarlatina remains one of the most urgent problems in the pathology of childhood, and, on this basis, it seems to us not superfluous to share our observations on the epidemiology, prevention and serotherapy of scarlatina in the Tatar Republic, mainly in Kazan, for six years from 1926 to 1931.
Dysentery according to the materials of the Children's Clinic of the Medical Institute for the period from 1931 to 1933 inclusive
Abstract
Despite the fact that mortality of children from gastrointestinal diseases, according to the latest statistics, no longer ranks first among other childhood diseases, still summer diarrhea, especially dysentery, can be considered the scourge of the child population. Therefore, we consider it not superfluous to share the data obtained from the materials of our clinic for the past three years.
Relation of skin diseases with disorders of internal organs
Abstract
Real dermatology, or the teaching of dermal and venereal diseases, was not founded until the 18th century by the English physician Willan, who lived from 1757 until 1812. He was the first to divide skin diseases according to their morphological features. The second founder of our special discipline was the French physician, Bazin, who lived in Paris from 1807 to 1808. In his manual he speaks of skin diseases caused by external causes and other, depending on diathesis and constitutional disorders; thus he already put some of these diseases in connection with external and partly with internal causes.
About skin changes when working with lime
Abstract
In the study of occupational morbidity in new construction, a significant loss of working days of medium-sized industrial construction workers (plasterers, painters, bricklayers, laborers) attracts attention. It should be noted that a large number of lesions are also noted among cleaners when cleaning floors after whitewashing. Burnt lime-calcium oxide, is the most widely used in buildings, by adding water to it is obtained slaked lime, which is mixed with sand and clay for plastering. Lime is an important part of cement, which is used in building work. Regarding the action of lime on the skin, it should be noted that it is similar to the action of alkalis, consisting in saponification of fats, absorption of moisture from the skin, dissolution of proteins, irritation and cauterization of tissues.
On the treatment of scabies by rubbing the skin with solutions of hyposulfite and hydrochloric acid according to Prof. Demjanovich
Abstract
In his comprehensive monograph, published under the title "Scabies" (Moscow, ed. 1933), Prof. Demjanovich describes in detail the various methods of treating scabies. In the same monograph the author offers his own method (the so-called quick method) of treatment.
To the method of surgical intervention for goitrous asphyxia
Abstract
Among the complications observed in goiter, respiratory disorders are of particular importance. Sometimes these disorders develop gradually, mostly after physical exertion, sometimes quite suddenly among the seemingly complete well-being of the patient and, by their intensity, range from simple suffocation (goiter asthma) to the highest degrees of asphyxia (goiter death). The causes of these disorders are in close connection with the changes that undergo goiter respiratory tube (softening, kinks, stenosis), as well as the nervous system of the larynx (irritation, paralysis). Sometimes stenosis can be caused by changes in goiter blood flow and even tracheal mucosa.
Long-term results of pyloroplasty
Abstract
The theoretical substantiation of pyloroplasty as a therapeutic method in adults is based on the provisions, which are still very problematic today. Russian authors (Breitsev, Grekov et al.), who first proposed this operation in adults, set indications for this kind of intervention very broadly and considered it indicated not only for pylorospasm without visible ulcer, but also for ulcers of the small curvature and for ulcers of the 12th bowel. At the same time these authors proceeded from the position that pylorospasm is the central point in the pathogenesis and course of ulcers and they considered its elimination to be very important in the operative treatment of ulcers.
On the issue of hernias of Мескеl’s diverticulum
Abstract
Herniotomy is one of the most common and developed surgical procedures. However, complications and errors are possible during this surgery, which may not only compromise the success of the operation, but also endanger the life of the patient. The dangers and complications of herniotomy can either be due to the peculiarities of the topography of a given hernia, or depend on the special conditions of the condition and the atypical content of the herniotic sac.
Materials on ectopic pregnancy
Abstract
Our material includes 236 cases of ectopic pregnancy, which have passed through my clinic during 5 years (1925-1929) of its management and were proven on the operation table, excluding 10 of them: in 1 case the diagnosis was established by an autopsy of a patient who died before the operation; in 6 cases, by a puncture of the posterior fornix, which gave a characteristic for ectopic pregnancy item and in 3 cases, based on clinical findings without puncture.
Tissue function and respiration and glycolysis
Abstract
Tissue metabolism (respiration and anaerobic glycolysis) was studied according to Warburg's method. Sections were prepared mainly from the cortical part of the kidney and examined in Nicolai vials in a gas mixture consisting of 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide. The state of anaerobiosis was achieved by adding hydrocyanic acid to the Ringers' solution for glycolysis. All experiments were performed on old white rats killed by decapitation immediately before the study.
Influence of acute inflammatory process on tissue metabolism of a cancerous animal
Abstract
According to modern concepts, it is impossible to draw a sharp boundary between atypical local chronic inflammatory process and precancerous condition. Numerous experimental cancers of arsenic, tar, paraffin, X-ray, etc., as well as a number of observations on the development of similar malignant tumors in people skin cancer radiologists, tar cancer in workers of the relevant professions; arsenic cancer in workers of cobalt mines, where the ore contains an admixture of arsenic, etc., confirm these ideas of modern oncology.
On the persistence of anthrax spores in various stages of skin production and in sewage fluids
Abstract
The task of this work was to check whether complex, modern, new methods of treatment of obviously infected leathers would kill the Sib. ulcer spores, because since Kessler's dissertation in 1902, which proved that tanning does not kill Sib. ulcer spores, much time has passed and the treatment technology has changed completely.
Relaxatio diaphragmatica
Abstract
On 12/XII 1928, Kolya S., age 9, was admitted to the department with a mild form of scarlet fever. The anamnesis revealed that the patient had had measles, chickenpox, malaria, and pneumonia twice; there was no indication that he had pleurisy. The mother had severe typhoid fever during the last months of pregnancy. According to his relatives, the child did not differ much from the other children, but still he had shortness of breath somewhat more often than his companions after a little physical exertion.
On the early diagnosis of typhus
Abstract
Early diagnosis of typhus is extremely difficult. If in a number of diseases we have more or less specific symptoms and reactions, in the initial phase of typhus symptomatology is very confused and the practitioner has to take a wait-and-see attitude until the appearance of reliable signs of typhus (rash). Early recognition of typhus before the appearance of the rash on the patient's body is of great importance, both in terms of the earliest possible isolation of the patient, and in carrying out appropriate sanitary and preventive measures and prescribing treatment.
A case of male hysteria, manifested in the form of algolagnia (the patient's desire for operations without any reason)
Abstract
On 3/II 1934, a patient from a polyclinic was admitted to the emergency room of the Poltava Interdistrict Hospital with a diagnosis of "esophagus" for emergency surgery. The patient was admitted to the surgical department of the same hospital and the surgeon on duty was immediately called to him. Patient D. V., 41 years old, Russian, single, working in Dnepropetrovsk region as a lecturer. According to the patient, on the day of admission to hospital, he, passing Poltava by train, began to experience sharp pains in the abdomen, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. After some time, burping and bloating of the abdomen appeared. Gases did not come out, there were no stools that day. Due to these pains, the patient got off the train and went to the outpatient clinic for help, from where he was sent to the hospital.
Case of air embolism during pneumopuncture
Abstract
The cases of sudden death during operations and diagnostic manipulations on the pleura and lungs are not among the frequent ones. Until relatively recently, these cases were usually explained by pleural shock or anesthesia used during surgeries. Later works, devoted to the experimental study of air embolism have revealed the role of the latter in the origin of the complications we are interested in. According to modern views, the majority of severe and especially fatal complications observed during pleura and lung surgeries are explained by air embolism of cerebral vessels and caused by small circle vessel wounds.
Issues of pathology and clinic of rheumatism
Abstract
The problem of rheumatism currently attracts the exclusive attention of pathologists and clinicians. This is explained, firstly, by the great social importance of this disease, whose specific weight is increasing as mortality from tuberculosis and acute infections is decreasing, and secondly, by the complexity of questions of rheumatism pathology, around which there are heated debates in the press and at congresses.
Current problems of schizophrenia
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a "psychiatric sphinx," which, with its majestic enigma, draws the best minds of psychiatrists of all countries to it and deprives them of peace-"ignorabimus"-that is approximately the final chord of the ninth volume of Bumke's manual of psychiatry devoted to schizophrenia. Soviet psychiatrists, far removed from agnosticism and the pessimistic, decadent moods of the West, felt particularly shocked by Bumke's "hopeless volume IX" and reacted with a "combative, optimistic appeal"-to storm and take the schizophrenia fortress by solving the mystery of this "sphinx of psychiatry. This is the basic character of the 1932 conference on schizophrenia, of the reports made at that conference.
On the mechanism of action of morphine on intestinal peristalsis
Abstract
Аt intravenous injection of 2 mg Morph, hydrochlor. (Merck) per kg body weight of rabbits, the author did not observe any change in peristalsis; 5-10 mg leads to delayed peristalsis; over 20 mg, on the contrary, always causes excitation of peristalsis.
Rheumatism
Abstract
The author injected under the skin of healthy rabbits sterile extracts of a number of substances (cow, calf, pig and chicken meat, milk, eggs, etc.). After 3-4 weeks of repeated injections (once every 8-10 days), the same extract was injected near or into the joint. Within 24 hours, the joint was swollen and a local and general reaction similar to that observed in acute rheumatism was obtained.
On tumor innervation
Abstract
The presence of nerve elements in tumors has been much written and argued recently. All the controversy can be divided into four controversial questions: 1) Can the presence of nerve elements in real tumors be proved at all? 2) Are the nerves demonstrated by some authors really newly formed or nerves surrounded by a tumor? 3) Are there nerves in all groups of tumors? 4) Are the newly formed nerves a necessary component of tumor tissue or are they only the result of regeneration caused by tumor infiltration into normal tissue?
Pleural puncture in healthy people
Abstract
The author, examining a group of Japanese soldiers, found that pleural puncture in healthy individuals could produce serous fluid in 48% of cases. The amount of fluid increases nocie physical exertion; the result of puncture in these cases is positive in 3/4.
Dinitrophenol
Abstract
Dinitrophenol in its physiological action is similar to thyroxine, it stimulates oxidation processes. Dinitronaphthol, dinitrocresol, dinitrotimol and dinitrocyclopentylphenol also have this property. Dinitrophenol is used in the treatment of obesity.
Pyramidone action on carbohydrate metabolism
Abstract
The accidental observation of a severely diabetic with furunculosis and high fever, where after giving pyramidon, in addition to a drop in t°, a drop in blood sugar was observed for several days, served G. Krause and H. Marx the reason for a more detailed study of the action of Pyramidon, on healthy and diabetic persons.
Prolonged lowering of blood sugar by denervating the adrenal glands
Abstract
The author, discussing the possibility of long-term lowering of blood sugar by adrenal denervation, concludes on the basis of his research that there is a grain of truth in the method of adrenal denervation in theory. In practice, however, the method is unlikely to be considered suitable for the treatment of diabetes.
Lactic acid and blood sugar in exudates and transudates
Abstract
The authors found that in exudates the lactic acid content is higher (4 times higher on average), and the sugar content is significantly lower (by 1/2 on average) than in blood. Increase of lactic acid occurs due to sugar glycolysis by enzymes of leukocytes (as a result, in exudates rich in leukocytes, higher amounts of lactic acid are found). In transudates the amount of sugar and lactic acid is almost the same as in blood (there is no glycolysis).
On functional plasty in herniotomies
Abstract
With direct inguinal hernias and recurrent hernias, the author proposes to replace the abdominal wall defect in the following way: a quadrangular aponeurosis flap is cut on the leg upward medial to the external inguinal ring and then, after removing the sac, the formed aponeurosis flap is sutured with its extended outer edge to the umbilical ligament, and closes the defect in the aponeurosis.
Experimental studies on the influence of endocrine glands on wound care
Abstract
The author was convinced that it is the influence of hormones, not the action of proteins, that is important in wound healing. A rich supply of hormones leads to a rapid improvement in metabolism, and the latter promotes rapid wound healing.
To the casuistry of inguinal and femoral hernias with unusual contents
Abstract
The author cites 6 cases of unusual findings in the hernia sac: Mesquel's diverticulum in the hernia sac, appendicitis in the hernia sac, appendicitis with empyema of the hernia sac with concurrent right-sided inguinal hernia, encapsulated hemorrhage in the hernia sac, ovary and tube prolapse in a pediatric inguinal hernia.
On the involvement of intrauterine fetal tissues in experimental protein hypersensitivity
Abstract
In experiments on rabbits, the authors found that the fetal vascular system reacts to parenterally injected foreign protein during pregnancy in the uterus by developing hyperergic inflammation. These observations acquire some significance for human pathology as well, drawing attention to the study of endocarditis in fetuses.
Therapeutic effects of uterine and tubal filling with iodol in sterile women
Abstract
The author used material from 269 infertile women, of whom 43% had bilateral tubal occlusion and 57% had unilateral occlusion, to conclude that in a not so small percentage of cases, filling the uterus and tubes with contrast fluids (iodipine and lipoiodel) enables pregnancy to occur.
The Regional Scientific Medical Association of the ATSSR. Minutes of the meeting of the Hygienic Section of the Scientific Medical Association of 23 May 1934
Abstract
Agenda:
1) Assistant A.T. Timofeev: "Industrial injuries and struggle against them in conditions of Kozlovsky industrial complex "Stroydetal".
2) Prof. I.K. Lukyanov: "About work of conference of scientific-research institutes of communal economy and hygiene".
3) Dr. M.I. Zelenov: "Experience of chlorination of water of a water-canal system in spring of 34 year".
Results of the IV International Anti-Rheumatic Congress
Abstract
The convening of the Fourth International Anti-Rheumatic Congress in 1934 coincided with the celebration of the five-year existence of the International Anti-Rheumatic League, of which the USSR is also a member. The increased interest in the problem of rheumatism in recent years from both theoretical and practical points of view has attracted a large number of participants to this congress.
Development of medical and sanitary affairs in the USSR during the first five-year period
Abstract
The Central Administration of National Economic Accounting, among other indicators of the national economy, publishes (USSR in Figures. Soyuzorguchet, 1934) a number of very interesting numerical data characterizing the dynamics of the development of public health in our Union. For a comparative characterization of "the state of health care in pre-revolutionary Russia and in the USSR by the beginning of the first five-year plan and by the time of its completion the main quantitative indices of 1913, 1928 and 1932 are taken. It is true that our successes and achievements in health care are determined not only by the expansion of the medical and sanitary network with the increase of the work of our institutions and of the number of visits and visits, for the Soviet health care, created by the October Revolution, was built on entirely different principles, sharply different from those of the bourgeois-capitalist health care system; but quantitative indicators, since they do not lack qualitative significance, are also of considerable interest for us.
Prevention is the basis of Soviet health care
Abstract
The prophylactic basis of Soviet medicine was most clearly formulated in the program of the All-Union Communist Party of the Bolsheviks: In the basis of its activities in the field of protection of people's health, the All-Union Communist Party (b) believes primarily in carrying out extensive health and sanitary measures aimed at preventing the development of diseases. The prophylactic principle, as the only scientific direction, has formed the basis of the development of all medical and sanitary affairs in our Union, and the practice of socialist health care has very rich experience in the organization and implementation of broad prophylactic measures, which are one of the factors raising the socialist culture of the workers and helping to meet their growing cultural demands.
Chronicle
Abstract
Chemical processes in nerves. The comparatively small number of observations that have been made on chemical processes in nerves has until recently been reduced to the use of electric current as an artificial stimulus, as the most convenient and accessible to control the strength of the stimulation. In 1932 Prof. Schmidt reported that he had succeeded in finding a quantitative relationship between the increase of oxidative processes in the nerves and the strength of the electric current irritation.