Vol 30, No 6 (1934)
To the XIV anniversary of the Autonomous Tatar SSR
Abstract
The victory of the October Revolution and the overthrow of the power of the exploiters created the decisive conditions for a correct and radical resolution of the national question. "Prison of Nations" was the name of tsarist Russia, and in this prison Tatarstan was also in trouble. The economic and cultural inequality of nationalities, the economic and cultural backwardness, the "idiocy of village life," multiplied by national oppression-that's what characterized the situation of the Tatar proletariat and the working peasantry in the past.
Prof. A. V. Vishnevsky. To the 35th anniversary of his scientific, pedagogical, medical and social activity
Abstract
Today's celebration is a celebration not only of A. V. personally, not only of the NKZ TR and the Kazan Medical Institute, in which all A. V.'s activities took place, which saw him as a student and now a distinguished scientist, but a celebration of all Soviet medicine, a vivid proof of the blossom that scientific creativity is achieving in the Soviet Union. The subject of the present report is a brief description of 35 years of scientific, pedagogical, medical and social activity of A. V.
Occupational eye injuries at the state Agamaly Ogly Pishmash Plant in Kazan
Abstract
The technological process of typewriter production is largely mechanized. There are about 400 typewriter parts, with up to 2,000 processes, including typewriter assembly. Most of these processes are to varying degrees hazardous to the eye, and many of the small and precise parts require considerable eye strain and a fairly close approach to the object being machined. According to the records of occupational injuries by the health center, eye injuries at the plant were high. The percentage of eye injuries to the total number of injuries ranged from 16 to 36%, depending on the workshops. The average for the whole plant in the last 8 months of 1932 was 25.7%.
On the effectiveness of inpatient bed utilization by patients
Abstract
It is hardly necessary to prove the importance of the expedient use of our hospitals and clinics, the bed capacity of which, despite our grandiose hospital construction, is still insufficient. Meanwhile, when we take a closer look at how the beds are actually used, we see that the economy is far from being realized. By focusing on the issue of bed days, we could significantly increase the capacity of our hospitals. The current state of affairs in this regard can easily be seen from a rudimentary analysis of clinical material. For this purpose I chose fresh, closed uncomplicated fractures of hip and tibia diaphyseal bones, which passed through Kazan clinic of orthopedics and traumatology.
Non-specific immunobiological moments in the clinic of visceral rheumatism
Abstract
Pathological anatomy we owe to the fact that now we can distinguish acute rheumatism as a special nosological unit, with specific pathogenesis, although possibly with nonspecific etiology, from the general group of diseases classified as "rheumatic". In addition, we are now able to distinguish separate forms within acute rheumatism. In particular, Talalaev brought more clarity to this question due to his separation of acute rheumatism with predominance of polyarthric symptom complex and cardiac and ambulatory forms of acute rheumatism, in which the lesion of the cardiovascular system comes to the fore.
Allergic theories of acute rheumatism
Abstract
The term "allergy" was coined by Pirquet to describe a condition in which the body reacts differently than it normally does. Together with Schick, he included serum sickness and infectious diseases. Doerr, based on Pirquet's views, constructed a classification of allergic conditions that encompasses both hypersensitivity and immunity. Subsequently, Pirquet expanded his concept even further and spoke of allergy to cancer and even allergy to age. With this understanding of allergy, every deviation from the norm in the reactivity of the body would be an allergy, every illness of whatever nature would be an allergic condition.
To the clinic of unicameral echinococcus of the liver
Abstract
With the current state of our knowledge the recognition of unicameral echinococcus of the liver in general does not represent any particular difficulty, however, clinical experience makes us return to this question, partly because in some cases recognition is very difficult and partly also because it can occur under the guise of some other disease and lead to a number of severe complications, the fight against which is already difficult and sometimes impossible.
On the essence of some forms of hemorrhagic diathesis
Abstract
Hemorrhagic diathesis is a collective term. It includes hemophilia, Verlhof's disease, Schönlein-Henoch's disease and scorbutus. Bleeding is something common that unites these diseases, different in their clinical manifestations and, undoubtedly, in their pathogenesis. It is true that due to the development of the teaching of vitamins, scorbutus has fallen out of the purview of hematologists and is now closely related to problems of nutrition. Nevertheless, every clinical case of bleeding, especially accompanied by bleeding gums and spontaneous bruising, always makes the clinician first of all exclude scorbutus and then focus his attention on other forms of hemorrhagic diathesis.
On indications for splenectomy
Abstract
Without going into the history of the issue, I will begin with the following date. On 12/I 1914 in Berlin the question of splenectomy was discussed at a joint meeting of the Society for Internal Medicine and Pediatrics and the Society for Surgery. The speaker was the general practitioner W. Türk said that if we note some progress in our knowledge about the function of the spleen in recent years, this progress we owe not so much to histological and biological-experimental studies, as to the bold intervention of individual clinicians, who, at first without sufficient theoretical basis, simply by their clinical conviction proposed to remove the spleen in certain diseases.
A case of Banti's symptom complex
Abstract
On 29/VI-1930, Smetayeva Tatyana, a 22-year-old Mary peasant woman, was admitted to the M.A.O. Epasovka Sanatorium with complaints of severe weakness, dizziness, shortness of breath, and frequent and profuse nasal bleeding. Upon questioning, it was learned, that this girl had had a short (7-8 days) febrile illness in the spring of 1927, after which she had frequent nosebleeds, weakness, shortness of breath, and stopped menses.
Novocain block in acute inflammatory and purulent processes
Abstract
In the process of development and practical application, local anesthesia met many contraindications and limitations. The latter were based both on clinical observations and experiments, as well as on a priori judgments. In particular, the use of local anesthesia in acute inflammatory and purulent processes was considered inadmissible. There are still strong fears that in these conditions, local anesthesia threatens with dissemination of microbes and their toxins (sepsis, pyemiak).
Novocain block for sciatic nerve inflammation
Abstract
Extensive experience of Prof. Vishnevsky's clinic in the field of local anesthesia during surgical operations gave extremely valuable clinical observations on the course of a number of pathological processes, the favorable outcome of which could not be explained by anything else than the peculiar effect of the anesthetic solution used in the clinic on the general trophic setting of the nervous system. These observations, which did not fit into the framework of the usual notions, turned out to be possible to generalize and systematize on the basis of the observations and comparisons of the results obtained in a series of clinical experiments.
On subtotal colorectal resection and long-term results
Abstract
Until recently, a certain opinion prevailed in the question of colon resection that one-stage resection of the large intestine under all conditions resulted in a higher mortality rate than two- and three-stage resection. Under the influence of the authority of Mickulicz, who elevated two-stage resection of the large intestine to a method, a considerable part of surgeons still adhere to the principle put forward by Mickulicz to dismember this operation, especially for cases accompanied by some degree of intestinal obstruction and intestinal stasis.
Filling surgery in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis
Abstract
The year 1933 marked the 20th anniversary of Baer's introduction of the method of paraffin filling in the treatment of cavernous forms of pulmonary tuberculosis (tbc). The theoretical basis for his method was the observation that in a number of cases, when the acute period of tbc has already passed, the temperature is long normal, the phenomena of intoxication have disappeared and the patient has passed into the stationary phase of the quiescent process with restoration of ability to work and seeming clinical recovery, he remains the carrier of an apical or subclavian cavern.
Fractures of the spine in the living and working conditions of the village
Abstract
The task of treating a spinal fracture is twofold: first, to restore the lumen of the spinal canal to eliminate brain and nerve symptoms, and second, to restore the supportive strength of the spine. The dispute as to whether laminectomy sufficiently solves the first problem is still incomplete and therefore there is no consensus between conservatives and radicals to this day.
X-ray diagnosis and operative therapy of so-called Brodie bone abscess
Abstract
One hundred years ago, in 1830, the English surgeon Brodie drew attention to a peculiar localized osteomyelitis and isolated it as a separate nosological unit, which has since been known as Brodie bone abscess. In spite of such a long period of time, the literature on this issue is very scarce.
A study of fatty pulmonary embolism
Abstract
In the study of fat embolism (f.e.) the oldest method of research is the experimental, counting more than a hundred years since the first works of Magendie (1821). The latter, just as later Virchow, Glugue, Thiernesse and others, injected whole oils or emulsions directly into the blood system of experimental animals, and often death occurred, and the section revealed numerous blockage by fat droplets of small vessels in various organs.
On the effect of dyes on experimental tumors
Abstract
In the article: "On the therapeutic effect of dyes in malignant tumors" we reported the literature data concerning the attempts to treat tumors in humans with dyes, mainly isaminblau. In the following years a number of new favorable reports on the effect of this dye on tumors have appeared, with few exceptions this method of treatment has been tried only clinically, the data obtained in the experiment are incomplete and even contradictory.
Defects of the mesentery as a cause of intestinal obstruction
Abstract
Intestinal obstruction as a consequence of a defect in the mesentery is quite rare. In Obalinsky's 110 cases of obstruction only one was due to a hole in the mesentery of the small intestine. König brings this mechanism of obstruction to 2%. Random findings of mesenteric orifices are also rare. Treitz, in many thousands of autopsies, found a hole in the mesentery of the small intestine only 2 times. Mitchell, on over a thousand cadavers only once saw a mesenteric small intestine defect. Prof. Chistovich (1931) did not find a single hole in the mesentery in almost 5,000 autopsies.
Medical science in the USSR
Abstract
The conquests of Soviet science in medicine, as in other fields, are inextricably linked with the general economic and cultural construction of the Union. The successes of Soviet scientific construction are particularly striking in comparison with the position that science occupied in tsarist Russia. Before the revolution, research work in Russia in general was carried out on a small scale and in only a few scientific fields, concentrated mainly in the Academy of Sciences. Research institutions then numbered only a few. After the revolution, the importance of research activities expanded enormously. Science was mobilized for the development of the entire national economy and the cultural reorganization of the country.
Main problems of pathological physiology of human higher nervous activity
Abstract
The book consists of two parts: 1. Basic Problems of the Pathophysiology of the Brainstem (Palencephalon); 2) Basic Problems of the Pathophysiology of the Major Hemispheres (Non-encephalonases) of Man, and is a large pile-up of all kinds of literature, old and new, on brain pathophysiology, about which (pile-up) the author says in the preface that he "could not always avoid repetition and some mosaicism".
Towards a study of the higher forms of the child's neurodynamics
Abstract
The present collection is the 4th volume of works of the Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Higher Nervous Activity of Child and Adolescent. The main interest of the collection is that it is a new (third) stage in the development of the doctrine of the physiology of the child's higher nervous activity.
Changes in water exchange in anaphylactic and histamine shock
Abstract
Changes in water metabolism in anaphylactic and histamine shock are expressed in increased water avidity of the skin (accelerated absorption of physiological solution injected intradermally) and in increased water in the skin (weighing skin pieces and determination of dry residue). These changes are most pronounced in anaphylactic shock.
Compensatory capacity of the lungs
Abstract
By experiments on rabbits with ligation of the right or left branch of a. pulmonalis and measuring pressure in a. carotis iva. pulmonalis the authors showed that the right lung is able to compensate for the prolapse of the left lung without straining the entire blood circulation.
Bilirubin of serum and bubble fluid from cantharidin
Abstract
The authors found that there is a known parallelism between the amount of bilirubin in serum and bladder fluid, but there may be periods of some mismatch of quantitative values at the moment of development and fall of jaundice. This is explained by the fact that at the beginning of jaundice blood bilirubin begins to rise from a higher value and grows faster, tissue bilirubin begins to rise from a lower value and grows slower.
Tbc ultravirus culture
Abstract
Sanarelli showed that the introduction of cultures of tbc bacilli in collodial pouches placed in the abdominal cavity of rabbits gave development in these pouches and in passing through the collodial membrane of elements filtering, virulent and capable of causing various lesions, often progressing to generalized nodular classical tuberculosis, characterized by the presence of acid-fast tubercle bacilli. Aa. cultured not bacilli but various tuberculous filtrates in these sacs.
Pyramidon in pulmonary tuberculosis
Abstract
The author obtained a rapid and favorable effect when pyramidone is administered (0.1-0.15 hourly up to 12 times a day) to febrile tbc patients. Feeling and appetite improved, weight increased; more severe sweating occurred only for the first 2-3 days, thereafter it did not bother.
Simultaneous bilateral pneumothorax
Abstract
The author reports on 240 cases of simultaneous bilateral pneumothorax. Along with various indications, the author considers the early infiltrates with the other side infiltration to be a "classic indication" for such an intervention. In these cases brilliant results can be achieved.
Motor and secretory activity of the stomach in acute gastritis
Abstract
24 patients were studied. In 12-24 hours after exposure to the pest the motor activity is accelerated (emptying in 40-60 minutes). The fact that patients before the study had vomited food they had eaten was explained by the fact that in the first moments there was gastric paresis, which was later replaced by a stage of increased motor activity.
Ereptic enzymes and agglutinins in urine in septic diseases and their prognostic value
Abstract
In a study of the agglutination ability and the ability to digest urinary peptone aa. we found a definite relationship between the severity of the case and the amount of enzymes in the urine. Of the 18 cases with no normal agglutinins and ereptic enzymes in the urine, 16 ended fatally, the remaining 2 had a prolonged febrile course. In cases with normal enzymes there was no fatal outcome.
General xanthomatosis
Abstract
A 19-year-old girl presented with symmetrical, extensive xanthomatous changes in the corners of the eyelids, fingers, and elbows from the age of seven. The eyelid xanthomatosis was operated on, but soon relapsed. A few months ago he had an operation on the right elbow. Otherwise, according to her father, the girl was perfectly healthy.
Magnesium chloride in angina pectoris
Abstract
The author at the Bergmanns Clinic successfully used MgCl2 as an intravenous infusion of a 10% solution to treat a. Pectoris. At first 5 cfu and gradually up to 10 cfu is administered. The infusions are given three times a week, for a total of 12 infusions. Infusion of MgCl2 causes in many cases of a. pectoris reduction or cessation of angina-like complaints.
On the content of prolan in the pituitary gland
Abstract
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland in a bull is free of prolan, while in a human it contains prolan. Only here it can be found in that part of the posterior pituitary lobe adjacent to the anterior lobe. In the bull, too, this part of the pituitary gland is completely free of prolan content. Histological examination shows that in humans, this part of the posterior lobe is crossed by bands of cells from the anterior lobe, which consist exclusively of basophilic cells.
Autonomic nervous system and the ovary
Abstract
Hirsch-Hoffmann recognizes the interaction between the autonomic nervous system and the ovary. Based on experiments with injections of sympathicotropic (adrenaline) and parasympathicotropic (pilocarpine) substances, a. believes that under the influence of the sympatheticus, follicle maturation is delayed.
Treatment for Graves' disease
Abstract
In contrast to toxic thyroid adenoma, which is predominantly a local disease, Graves' disease is a systemic disease involving most of the endocrine glands and the entire autonomic first system. In the author's opinion, surgical intervention, quite indicated in toxic adenoma, is often harmful in basid disease.
Current data on spinal anesthesia
Abstract
The author recommends avoiding spinal anesthesia in children under the age of 16, with a decompensated and also degenerative heart, severely low blood pressure, with old and fresh central nervous system diseases, migraines, sepsis, debilitating diseases with nitrogenemia and severe dehydration, with acute syphilis and in late pregnancy.
Operative treatment of pylorospasm in infants
Abstract
The author, working in constant contact with pediatricians for almost 15 years, operated on 42 cases of pylorospasm in infants aged from 26 days to 5 months, often two months old. In all cases the author found a pre-pyloric muscular ridge 1-2 centimeters long and as thick as a finger. The operation was performed according to the Weber-Ramstedt method, often under local anesthesia.
Severe nerve lesions after anesthesia Plex. brachialis
Abstract
In 149 cases of fresh injuries and septic processes in the upper extremities, the author observed complications-paresis and neuritis in 3 cases after intervention under local conductive anesthesia according to Kulenkampff's method, which he puts in a causal connection with the produced anesthesia.
Pathogenesis and diagnosis of gynecological bleeding
Abstract
The author points out that uterine bleeding can be caused either by weakness of uterine muscles caused by tumor, inflammation, etc., or by disturbances in ovarian processes (follicle maturation, ovulation, corpus luteum phase, etc.), -The author points out that this may be caused by weakness of the uterine muscles due to a tumor, inflammation, etc.; by an increased menstruation; by a disturbance of the ovarian processes (follicle maturation, ovulation and corpus luteum phase), leading to a shortened cycle time with a shortened corpus luteum phase; or finally by carcinomas, polyps and cystic glandular hyperplasia, which cause abnormal bleeding.
Treatment of gynecological bleeding
Abstract
The author recommends the following method of treatment of such bleeding: 1) at strong periods-rest, means reducing the uterus; treatment of existing diseases of organs in the interval of bleeding by infections of nonspecific means (calcium, foreign protein, own blood and serum); application of follicular hormone at hypoplasia of uterus on the basis of insufficiency of ovary; X-ray castration in women close to menopause in cases where strong monthly bleeding leads to anemia; 2) in case of frequent periods - to pay attention to the general condition of the body, in the absence of local and general changes treatment with hormones (in shortening of the second phase of the cycle - lute body hormone in the second half of the cycle, in hypoplastic uterus - follicular hormone) is indicated; 3) in bleeding on the basis of myoma- X-ray castration, if the bleeding led to anemia, the tumor is not larger than a child's head and the woman is over 45 years old; or surgical treatment; 4) in atypical bleeding-in cases of ascending endometritis, accompanied by severe inflammatory phenomena, fever a. recommends conservative treatment.
Materials on excessive pregnancy
Abstract
There are reported cases of births 343 days after menstruation. The female fetus weighed 5,000.0 and was 56 centimeters long. The first moving of the fetus 150 days after menstruation. The author assumes a hereditary predisposition, as the mother of the patient, who had 13 births, was overweight each time for about 3 weeks.
Treatment of uterine perforation
Abstract
The treatment of 34 cases of uterine perforation caused by curettage for post-abortion bleeding and commenced abortion yielded the following results: conservative treatment 3 sl -, O death, laparotomy, drainage 1 sl -1 death, laparotomy, uterine suture 3 cases-0 death, abdominal uterine extirpation 22 sl -2 deaths. The total mortality rate was 9% (3 : 34).
On the surgical treatment of epilepsy
Abstract
On the basis of experiments on dogs the author suggests the following operations in the autonomic nervous system in epilepsy: transection of all nerves sinus caroticus, cervical sympathectomy, transection of n. vertebralis, rami communicantes ganglion stellatum and vertical branches of the vagus nerve.
Acetylcholine in ophthalmic migraine
Abstract
After intramuscular injection of 10 kb. ct. of acetylcholine within 11-16 minutes the flickering scotomas disappeared, and soon afterwards the headaches also disappeared. In one case, where the above therapy was used for a year for each attack, migraine pain and flickering scotomas subsequently completely stopped.
Somatologische Stadien zur Psyhiatrie. IX. Die Intersexuellen Stigmata bei weiblichen Geisteskranken
A new method of psychotherapy
Abstract
A famous Viennese speech therapist, who is at the same time engaged in psychotherapy, recommends a psychotherapeutic method of treatment which has, in his opinion, advantages over psychoanalysis and the Couè method. The method is very simple and consists in suggesting to the b-men that they not only represent a "psychic continuity" (seelisches Kontinuum), but at the same time they are constantly changing, being a minute, hourly psychically new person (seelische Neuheit) and thus the patient is shown the way to be free from the idea that they are identical with the person of yesterday, etc.
About a new method of treatment with (irradiated) baths
Abstract
Based on a number of works by Ried, who proved the biological effect of some salts after irradiation, he applied this method in the treatment of some diseases with favorable results and first of all in exudates (also in tuberculosis); ez. in acute and chronic arthritis (primary and secondary), deforming and urolithic arthritis, in neuritis, myalgia.
Conference on rheumatism, convened by the ATSSR Regional Scientific Medical Association
Abstract
On April 11, 12, and 17, a conference on rheumatism, convened by the Scientific-Medical Association, was held in Kazan. The work carried out prior to this by the Rheumatism Committee of the TR revealed that a great deal of work is being done in Kazan in the area of rheumatism control. This was confirmed at the conference, which attracted a large number of speakers and a large audience.
Chronicle
Abstract
The problem of vitamins in the USSR. Vitaminology is a young science, only two decades old. It grew into a separate branch of physiology and biochemistry on the basis of the study of malnutrition and its effect on the development of the organism. It turned out that a number of pathological conditions, which have long been known to medicine, are associated with nutritional deficiencies, such conditions include: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beri beri, lack of growth and a number of others.