Fetal growth restriction: features of somatomental development in infancy

Aim. To determine the features of physical and somatic health of full-term infants with fetal growth restriction during the first year.

Methods. A retrospective analysis of 100 neonatal medical records of full-term infants was performed. All children were divided into 2 groups: group 1 - full-term infants, who were diagnosed with fetal growth restriction at birth (n=50), group 2 - full term infants born with normal body weight (n=50). Control points of comparison were neonatal period, months of life 1, 3, 6 and 12. Overall anthropometric data (length, weight, head and chest circumference), incidence and structure of morbidity and child's key system involvement were assessed.

Results. Full-term newborns with fetal growth restriction present a risk group of growth and weight gain retardation during infancy, perinatal disorders of central nervous system persistent in 28±12% of cases by year 1 and, consequently, restriction of psychomotor (16±10%) and pre-verbal development (16±10%). Full-term low birth-weight newborns are characterized by short period of breast feeding and are included into the group of frequently ill children. The most vulnerable system, except for central nervous system, is the respiratory system.

Conclusion. Children born with fetal growth restriction by the full term of gestation require special approach: diagnosis of and degree of central nervous system perinatal disorders at the first minutes of life, dynamic monitoring and personalized rehabilitation and preventive measures during the first year of life.v