On the question of the jugular venous pulse

By removing the Jаquet'a device phlebograms from v. jugularis in different sick and healthy people before and after a water test (1½ liters of water inside), Fischer (Zeit. f. Kreislauf., 1928. No. 20) draws the following conclusions: 1) an increase in the amount of blood (from the introduction of water or other reasons) creates increased phlebogram waves (especially waves at a); 2) acceleration of blood flow also leads to an increase in waves; 3) some diseases can give - characteristic phlebograms; so, for example, insufficiency of the aortic valves with strong decompensation often gives a very large wave a, a slightly noticeable wave c, and an almost normal wave v, and the same valvular lesion without decompensation can give a phlebogram, differing in the height and sharpness of its teeth; 4) increased phlebogram waves are most often found with left ventricular hypertrophy in the stage of decompensation, since this condition increases the blood flow rate; 5) phlebogram is not only a reflection of the activity of the right atrium, but an expression of general circulation.