Cardiovascular risk and history of gestational hypertension in women of reproductive age
- Authors: Shamkina AR1, Sadykova AR1
-
Affiliations:
- Kazan State Medical University
- Issue: Vol 98, No 1 (2017)
- Pages: 85-91
- Section: Reviews
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/kazanmedj/article/view/6041
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17750/KMJ2017-85
- ID: 6041
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
In recent years, gestational hypertension, defined in accordance with the classification of the European Society of Cardiology (2011) as hypertension induced by pregnancy, occurring with or without proteinuria, developing after 20 weeks of pregnancy and resolving up to 42 days after delivery, is considered as a adverse prognostic factor in respect of development of cardiovascular diseases in the future and cardiovascular mortality. This review presents the results of various studies on the relationship of history of gestational hypertension with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, target organ damage, associated clinical conditions and cardiovascular risk in women, including those of reproductive age. Determination of the individual cardiovascular risk in women, especially in young women, is difficult due to the low sensitivity and specificity of the tests in this category of patients. In spite of the conducted studies and obtained experience regarding issues on the relationship of history of hypertension during pregnancy with cardiovascular risk, until now the origin and the contribution of the various forms of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, including gestational hypertension, to the development of future cardiovascular disease is still unclear. Detection of the history of gestational hypertension will allow to more accurately assess the individual cardiovascular risk and administer an adequate range of therapeutic and preventive measures for women, including those of reproductive age, at an earlier stage.
About the authors
A R Shamkina
Kazan State Medical University
Author for correspondence.
Email: schamkina.aigul@yandex.ru
A R Sadykova
Kazan State Medical University
Email: schamkina.aigul@yandex.ru
References
- Вёрткин А.Л., Ткачёва О.Н., Васильева А.В. и др. Прогностическое значение артериальной гипертонии в период беременности. Рос. кард. ж. 2005; (4): 53-57.
- Вёрткин А.Л., Ткачёва О.Н., Васильева А.В. и др. Отдалённый прогноз при артериальной гипертензии в период гестации. Рос. кард. ж. 2004; (3): 42-46.
- Подзолкова Н.М., Подзолков В.И., Можарова Л.Г., Хомицкая Ю.В. Гормональный континуум женского здоровья: эволюция сердечно-сосудистого риска от менархе до менопаузы. Сердце. 2004; 3 (6): 276-279.
- Садыкова А.Р., Шамкина А.Р., Мустафина Г.Р. Оценка сердечно-сосудистого риска у женщин репродуктивного возраста в зависимости от наличия гестационной артериальной гипертензии в анамнезе. Казанский мед. ж. 2012; 93 (4): 564-569.
- Ткачёва О.Н., Барабашкина А.В., Разгуляева Н.Ф., Галяутдинова А.Ю. Изучение органопротективных и метаболических эффектов эналаприла при лечении артериальной гипертензии, сохраняющейся после родов. Трудный пациент. 2006; (3): 18-22.
- Чазова И.Е., Ратова Л.Г., Бойцов С.А., Небиеридзе Д.В. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертензии. Рекомендации Российского медицинского общества по артериальной гипертонии и Всероссийского научного общества кардиологов. Системные гипертензии. 2010; (3): 5-26.
- Шамкина А.Р., Садыкова А.Р. Ассоциация гестационной гипертензии в анамнезе с сердечно-сосудистым риском у женщин репродуктивного возраста. Монография. Казань: Ихлас. 2013; 103 с.
- Arnadottir G.A., Geirsson R.T., Arngrimsson R. et al. Cardiovascular death in women who had hypertension in pregnancy: a case-control study. BJOG. 2005; 112 (3): 286-292. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00396.x
- Aukes A.M., de Groot J.C., Wiegman M.J. et al. Long-term cerebral imaging after pre-eclampsia. BJOG. 2012; 19 (9): 1117-1122. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03406.x
- Aykas F., Solak Y., Erden A. et al. Persistence of cardiovascular risk factors in women with previous preeclampsia: a long-term follow-up study. J. Investig. Med. 2015; 63 (4): 641-645. doi: 10.1097/JIM.0000000000000189
- Ben-Ami S., Oron G., Ben-Haroush A. et al. Primary atherothrombotic occlusive vascular events in premenopausal women with history of adverse pregnancy outcome. Thromb. Res. 2010; 125 (2): 124-127. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.05.017
- Bhasin P., Kapoor S. Pregnancy complications and calculated cardiovascular risk in urban women: do we envisage an association? J. Urban Health. 2014; 91: 162-175. doi: 10.1007/s11524-013-9818-7
- Charlton F., Tooher J., Rye K.A., Hennessy A. Cardiovascular risk, lipids and pregnancy: preeclampsia and the risk of later life cardiovascular disease. Heart Lung Circ. 2014; 23 (3): 203-212. doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.10.087
- Chobanian A.V., Bakris G.L., Black H.R. et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Commitee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. The JNC VII report. JAMA. 2003; 289: 2560-2572. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.19.2560
- Cirillo P.M., Cohn B.A. Pregnancy complications and cardiovascular disease death: 50-year follow-up of the child health and development studies pregnancy cohort. Circulation. 2015; 132 (13): 1234-1242. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003901
- Cusimano M.C., Pudwell J., Roddy M. et al. The maternal health clinic: an initiative for cardiovascular risk identification in women with pregnancy-related complications. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2014; 210 (5): 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.12.001
- Dayer M.L., Vocat A., Ditisheim A., Pechère-Bertschi A. Renovascular prognosis of preeclampsia on the mother and the child. Rev. Med. Suisse. 2013; 397 (11): 628-630.
- ESC Guidelines on the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy: the Task Force on the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases during Pregnancy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur. Heart J. 2011: 32 (24): 3147-3197. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr218
- Forest J.C., Girouard J., Massé J. et al. Early occurrence of metabolic syndrome after hypertension in pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol. 2005; 105 (6): 1373-1380. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000163252.02227.f8
- Fraser A., Nelson S.M., Macdonald-Wallis C. et al. Associations of pregnancy complications with calculated cardiovascular disease risk and cardiovascular risk factors in middle age: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Circulation. 2012; 125 (11): 367-380. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.044784
- Garovic V.D., Hayman S.R. Hypertension in pregnancy: an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Nature Clin. Pract. Nephrol. 2007; 11 (3): 613-622. doi: 10.1038/ncpneph0623
- Garovic V.D., Bailey K.R., Boerwinkle E. et al. Hypertension in pregnancy as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease later in life. J. Hypertens. 2010; 28 (4): 826-833. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328335c29a
- Germain A.M., Romanik M.C., Guerra I. et al. Endothelial dysfunction: a link among preeclampsia, recurrent pregnancy loss, and future cardiovascular events? Hypertension. 2007; 49 (1): 90-95. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000251522.18094.d4
- Hannaford P., Ferry S., Hirsch S. Cardiovascular sequelae of toxemia of pregnancy. Heart. 1997; 77: 154-158. doi: 10.1136/hrt.77.2.154
- Hashemi S., Ramezani Tehrani F., Mehrabi Y., Azizi F. Hypertensive pregnancy disorders as a risk factor for future cardiovascular and metabolic disorders (Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study). J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 2013; 39 (5): 891-897. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2012.02069.x
- Haukkamaa L., Moilanen L., Kattainen A. et al. Pre-eclampsia is a risk factor of carotid artery atherosclerosis. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2009; 27 (6): 599-607. doi: 10.1159/000216834
- Heida K.Y., Franx A., van Rijn B.B. et al. Earlier age of onset of chronic hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy or gestational diabetes mellitus. Hypertension. 2015; 66 (6): 1116-1122. doi: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06005
- Hermes W., Franx A., van Pampus M.G. et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in women who had hypertensive disorders late in pregnancy: a cohort study. 10-Year cardiovascular event risks for women who experienced hypertensive disorders in late pregnancy: the HyRAS study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2010; 10: 28. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-10-28
- Hoogsteder P.H., Krüse A.J., Sep S.J. et al. Electrocardiographic findings in women with a recent history of pre-eclampsia. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 2012; 91 (3): 372-378. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01328.x
- Leffert L.R., Clancy C.R., Bateman B.T. et al. Hypertensive disorders and pregnancy-related stroke: frequency, trends, risk factors, and outcomes. Obstet. Gynecol. 2015; 125 (1): 124-131. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000590
- Lindeberg S., Axelsson O., Jorner U. et al. Prospective controlled five-year follow up study of primiparas with gestational hypertension. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 1988; 67: 605-609. doi: 10.3109/00016348809004272
- Luoto R., Kharazmi E., Whitley E. et al. Systolic hypertension in pregnancy and cardiovascular mortality: a 44-year follow-up study. Hypertens. Pregnancy. 2008; 27 (1): 87-94. doi: 10.1080/10641950701826810
- Lykke J.A., Langhoff-Roos J., Sibai B.M. et al. Hypertensive pregnancy disorders and subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the mother. Hypertension. 2009; 53 (6): 944-951. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.130765
- MacDonald S.D., Ray J., Teo K. et al. Measures of cardiovascular risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in a cohort of women with a remote history of preeclampsia. Atherosclerosis. 2013; 229 (1): 234-239. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.04.020
- MacDonald S.E., Walker M., Ramshaw H. et al. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and long-term risk of hypertension: what do Ontario prenatal care providers know, and what do they communicate? J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can. 2007; 29 (9): 705-710. doi: 10.1016/S1701-2163(16)32601-9
- Magee L.A., Helewa M.E., Moutquin J.M. et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. This guideline has been reviewed and approved by the Hypertension Guideline Committee and approved by the Executive and Council of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. JOGC. 2008; 30 (3, suppl.): 1-48.
- Magnussen E.B., Vatten L.J., Smith G.D., Romundstad P.R. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and subsequently measured cardiovascular risk factors. Obstet. Gynecol. 2009; 114 (5): 961-970. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181bb0dfc
- Mahmud A., Jatoi M., Chee Y.R., Feely J. History of gestational hypertension is associated with the metabolic syndrome and masked hypertension but not arterial stiffness in women with essential hypertension. J. Clin. Hypertens. (Greenwich). 2008; 10 (1): 21-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-6175.2007.07400.x
- Malhotra M., Sharma J.B. et al. Eclampsia is not a sign of latent hypertension. BMJ. 2003; 20: 989-1000.
- Mangos G.J., Spaan J.J., Pirabhahar S., Brown M.A. Markers of cardiovascular disease risk after hypertension in pregnancy. J. Hypertens. 2012; 30 (2): 351-358. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834e5ac7
- Männistö T., Mendola P., Vääräsmäki M. et al. Elevated blood pressure in pregnancy and subsequent chronic disease risk. Circulation. 2013; 127 (6): 681-690. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.128751
- Melchiorre K., Sutherland G.R., Liberati M., Thilaganathan B. Preeclampsia is associated with persistent postpartum cardiovascular impairment. Hypertension. 2011; 58 (4): 709-715. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.176537
- Moreira L.B., Gus M., Nunes G. et al. Association between pregnancy-related hypertension and severity of hypertension. J. Hum. Hypertens. 2009; 23 (6): 415-419. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2008.140
- Robbins C.L., Dietz P.M., Bombard J., Valderrama A.L. Gestational hypertension: a neglected cardiovascular disease risk marker. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2011; 204 (4): 336, e1-9.
- Roberts J.M., Pearson G.D., Cutler J.A. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Summary of the NHLBI Working Group on Research on Hypertension During Pregnancy. Hypertens. Pregnancy. 2003; 22 (2): 109-127. doi: 10.1081/PRG-120016792
- Romundstad P.R., Magnussen E.B., Smith G.D., Vatten L.J. Hypertension in pregnancy and later cardiovascular risk: common antecedents? Circulation. 2010; 122 (6): 579-584. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.943407
- Sabour S., Franx A., Rutten A. et al. High blood pressure in pregnancy and coronary calcification. Hypertension. 2007; 49: 813-817. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000258595.09320.eb
- Sadykova A., Shamkina A. Influence of the hystory of gestational hypertension on total cardiovascular risk in menopausal women. J. Hypertens. 2012; 30 (e-Suppl. A): 243.
- Samuels-Kalow M.E., Funai E.F., Buhimschi C. et al. Prepregnancy body mass index, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and long-term maternal mortality. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2007; 197 (5): 490, e1-6.
- Savitz D.A., Danilack V.A., Elston B., Lipkind H.S. Pregnancy-induced hypertension and diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes hospitalization in the year following delivery. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2014; 180 (1): 41-44. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwu118
- Smith G.C., Pell J.P., Walsh D. Pregnancy complication and maternal risk of ischemic heart disease: a retrospective cohort study of 129 290 births. Lancet. 2001; 357: 2002-2006. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05112-6
- Valdés G., Quezada F., Marchant E. et al. Association of remote hypertension in pregnancy with coronary artery disease: a case-control study. Hypertension. 2009; 53 (4): 733-778. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.127068
- Vallejo Vaz A.J., Guisado M.L., García-Junco P.S. et al. Differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and levels of C-reactive protein after puerperium in women with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Hypertens. Res. 2010; 33 (10): 1012-1017. doi: 10.1038/hr.2010.131
- Watanabe K., Kimura C., Iwasaki A. et al. Pregnancy-induced hypertension is associated with an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Japanese women. Menopause. 2015; 22 (6): 656-659. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000361
- Wilkins-Haug L., Celi A., Thomas A. et al. Recognition by women’s health care providers of long-term cardiovascular disease risk after preeclampsia. Obstet. Gynecol. 2015; 125 (6): 1287-1292. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000856
- Wilson B.J., Watson M.S., Prescott J.G. et al. Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and risk of hypertension and stroke in later life: results from cohort study. BMJ. 2003; 326: 845-849. doi: 10.1136/bmj.326.7394.845
- Yeh J.S., Cheng H.M., Hsu P.F. et al. Synergistic effect of gestational hypertension and postpartum incident hypertension on cardiovascular health: a nationwide population study. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2014; 3 (6). doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001008
- Zhao H.Y., Chen X.W., Niu J.Q. et al. History of pregnancy induced hypertension is linked with increased risk of cardiocerebral vascular events. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. 2012; 40 (8): 45-51.