Estimation of a functional condition of a fetus at pregnancy and in delivery

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Abstract

The lecture provides information on approaches to the assessment of fetal cardiotocography during pregnancy and childbirth. Assessment of the functional state of the fetus during pregnancy and childbirth remains one of the most difficult tasks of perinatology and obstetrics. The question of the state of the intrauterine fetus has been of interest to obstetricians for a long time. For the first time, the possibility of auscultation of fetal heart sounds was reported in 1818.

About the authors

I. Y. Kogan

Research Institute named after D.O. Ott, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Saint Petersburg State Medical University named after I.I. acad. I. P. Pavlova

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@eco-vector.com
Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg; Saint-Petersburg

А. A. Poljanin

Research Institute named after D.O. Ott, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Saint Petersburg State Medical University named after I.I. acad. I. P. Pavlova

Email: info@eco-vector.com
Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg; Saint-Petersburg

N. G. Pavlova

Research Institute named after D.O. Ott, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Saint Petersburg State Medical University named after I.I. acad. I. P. Pavlova

Email: info@eco-vector.com
Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg; Saint-Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Calm state of the fetus

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3. Fig. 2. Active state of the fetus

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4. Fig. 3. Determination of the basal heart rate (HR) and the amplitude of the heart rate oscillations (A)

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5. Fig. 4. Determination of the amplitude (A) and duration (t) of MCR

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6. Fig. 5. CTG area characterized by a reduced amplitude of heart rate oscillations and lack of fetal movement

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7. Fig. 6. The transition from a calm state to an active one after the step test

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8. Fig. 7. Fetal heart rate response to contractions

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9. Fig. 8. Formation of early decelerations

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10. Fig. 9. Formation of late decelerations

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11. Fig. 10. Formation of variable decelerations

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12. Fig. 11. Deceleration of the rate of equalization of the fetal heart rate to the basal level after variable deceleration (according to W.M. Fischer)

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13. Fig. 12. The development of subsequent tachycardia in the fetus (according to Fischer W. M.)

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