Role of the maternal melatonin circadian rhythm absence in early catch-up growth in children

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Abstract

The review presents the results of experimental and clinical studies, according to which the absence of circadian melatonin production in pregnant women associated with the pathologies they have (obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, pregnancy complicated by gestosis and chronic placental insufficiency, etc.) disrupts the genetic process of organizing the rhythmic activity of genes of the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus and melatonin production in the pineal gland of the fetus, leading to dysregulation of metabolic processes in the child’s body after birth and programming pathology in following life. The significance of this factor in the pathophysiological mechanisms of catch-up growth during the first months of life determines a new approach to assessing the risk of obesity and necessitates learning the consequences of impaired development of the brain and other functional systems in fetuses that are born earlier than the 26th week of pregnancy and are thereby deprived of maternal melatonin, a key signaling molecule that directs and coordinates the genetic development process, during the most critical period of early ontogenesis.

About the authors

Inna I. Evsyukova

The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott

Author for correspondence.
Email: eevs@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4456-2198
ResearcherId: 520074

MD, PhD, DSci (Medicine), Professor, Leading Researcher. The Department of Physiology and Pathology of the Newborn

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Eduard K. Ailamazyan

The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott

Email: iagmail@ott.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9848-0860
SPIN-code: 9911-1160
ResearcherId: 80774

MD, PhD, DSci (Medicine), Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Director. The Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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