Characteristics of vaginal microbiota in the first trimester of pregnancy and placental development
- Authors: Barinova V.V.1, Bushtyreva I.O.1, Ivanov D.O.2, Barykina M.A.3
-
Affiliations:
- Professor Bushtyreva Clinic
- Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
- Rostov State Medical University
- Issue: Vol 74, No 3 (2025)
- Pages: 5-16
- Section: Original study articles
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/jowd/article/view/310775
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/JOWD643298
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/SYRKZR
- ID: 310775
Cite item
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia are some of the main causes of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality all over the world. Placental insufficiency underlies the pathogenesis of these conditions.
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vaginal microbiota in the first trimester of pregnancy on the formation of the chorion and the risks of placental insufficiency.
METHODS: The study included 396 patients without a burdened obstetric-gynecological anamnesis and extragenital pathology. Using polymerase chain reaction diagnostics, we assessed the levels of placental proteins [human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A)] in the first prenatal screening, multiples of the median (MoM) for these levels, and the vaginal microbiota in the first trimester of pregnancy.
RESULTS: The patients were divided into two groups: group 1a included pregnant women with PAPP-A levels <0.5 MoM (n = 82) and group 2a consisted of patients with PAPP-A levels ≥0.5 MoM (n = 314). The same patients were divided into two other groups depending on the MoM for hCG levels: group 2a included patients with hCG levels <0.5 MoM (n = 33) and group 2b consisted of patients with hCG levels ≥0.5 MoM (n = 363). In group 1b, normal microbiota and conditionally normal microbiota were more common, whereas moderate mixed dysbiosis, severe anaerobic dysbiosis, and severe mixed dysbiosis were less common than in group 1a. Depending on the MoM for hCG levels, in group 2b, severe aerobic dysbiosis and severe anaerobic dysbiosis were less common than in group 2a. In group 1a, the number of Staphylococcus spp., Gardnerella vaginalis / Prevotella bivia / Porphyromonas spp., Eubacterium spp., Megasphaera spp. / Veillonella spp. / Dialister spp. was higher than in patients in group 1b. We found no differences in the number of microorganisms in the vaginal microbiota depending on the MoM for hCG levels. The decision tree method revealed that if the concentrations of opportunistic microorganisms in the vaginal microbiome are as follows: Sneathia spp. / Leptotrichia spp. / Fusobacterium spp. >103.85, Staphylococcus spp. >103.45, Peptostreptococcus spp. ≤104.85, Candida spp. ≤103.9, and Staphylococcus spp. ≤103.95; as well as Sneathia spp. / Leptotrichia spp. / Fusobacterium spp. >103.85, Staphylococcus spp. >103.45, and Peptostreptococcus spp. >104.85, then the PAPP-A levels may be predicted to be <0.5 MoM. The presented inequalities reflect the absolute values of DNA copies of microorganisms in the form of decimal logarithms (genome equivalents per milliliter).
CONCLUSION: In patients with reduced levels of placental proteins, according to the first prenatal screening, the vaginal microbiota is characterized by higher numbers of opportunistic microorganisms compared to patients with normal values of placental proteins. Timely correction of the vaginal microbiota at the pregravid stage and in early pregnancy can be an important source of prevention of placental insufficiency.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Victoria V. Barinova
Professor Bushtyreva Clinic
Author for correspondence.
Email: victoria-barinova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8584-7096
SPIN-code: 5068-0680
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)
Russian Federation, 58/7 Soborny Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344011Irina O. Bushtyreva
Professor Bushtyreva Clinic
Email: kio4@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9296-2271
SPIN-code: 5009-1565
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-DonDmitry O. Ivanov
Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
Email: doivanov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0060-4168
SPIN-code: 4437-9626
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgMaria A. Barykina
Rostov State Medical University
Email: mariabarykina480@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-3485-8763
SPIN-code: 2541-5967
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don
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