Cytogenetic effects of excessive radon exposure depending on the individual dosage of active ribosomal genes

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Abstract

Background. Maintaining radon safety is one of the most critical challenges in modern ecology and genetic toxicology. Radon (222Rn) and its decay daughter products (218Po, 214Po, 214Pb and 214Bi) can interact with biological tissues and induce DNA damage. Because transcribed copies rDNA are necessary for DNA damage repair, we examined whether genomic dosages of active ribosomal genes modulate the genotoxic effects of exposure to high doses of radon.

Materials and methods. Chromosome aberration assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed in pupils of the boarding school of Tashtagol (Kemerovo region, Russia) with long-term resident exposure to radon (n = 345) and in childrenof the Kemerovo Region living in radiation-safe conditions (n = 233). The dose of active (transcription-capable) ribosomal gene (AcRG) in the studied groups has been analyzed using Ag-NORS staining regions of chromosomes and cytogenetic semi-quantitative evaluation method.

Results. A statistically significant increase in the level of chromosome aberrations in exposure group has been revealed compared with the children of the Kemerovo Region living in radiation-safe conditions (p = 0.00001). It was found that the level of chromosomal abnormalities in Tashtagol’s children was higher in medium-dose carriers of AcRG compared to owners of a low dose (4.27 ± 0.22% vs. 3.24 ± 0.29%, p = 0.003). Perhaps the low level of chromosomal aberrations in children with low-dose AcRG is associated with an increase in cell death from damaged DNA under genotoxic exposure to radon.

Conclusion. The obtained results testify to the significant contribution of the individual characteristics of ribosomal genes in the formation of genotoxic effects of exposure to high doses of radon.

About the authors

Anna A. Timofeeva

Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: annateam86@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9063-0158
SPIN-code: 1542-8153

engineer-technologist of the cytogenetics laboratory

Russian Federation, 18, Sovetsky pr., Kemerovo, 650000

Varvara I. Minina

Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of RAS; Kemerovo State University

Email: vminina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3485-9123
SPIN-code: 5153-8594

PhD, Associate Professor, Department of genetics

Russian Federation, 18, Sovetsky pr., Kemerovo, 650000; 6, Krasnay street, Kemerovo, 650000

Vladimir G. Druzhinin

Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of RAS; Kemerovo State University

Email: druzhinin_vladim@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5534-2062
SPIN-code: 6277-4704

Doctor of biological Sciences, Professor, head, Department of genetics

Russian Federation, 18, Sovetsky pr., Kemerovo, 650000; 6, Krasnay street, Kemerovo, 650000

Tatyana A. Golovina

Kemerovo State University

Email: goltat86@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2805-0822

engineer of the Department of Genetics

Russian Federation, 6, Krasnay street, Kemerovo, 650000

Tatyana A. Tolochko

Kemerovo State University

Email: totat@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4645-7009
SPIN-code: 2926-6542

senior teacher of the Department of Genetics

Russian Federation, 6, Krasnay street, Kemerovo, 650000

Alexey V. Larionov

Kemerovo State University

Email: alekseylarionov09@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7974-6483
SPIN-code: 5360-4410

PhD, senior teacher of the Department of Genetics

6, Krasnay street, Kemerovo, 650000

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2. Fig. 1. The results of measurements of average specific volume radon activity residential and educational areas of Tashtagol boarding school and control settlements (*p < 0,01; significantly different from control groups values)

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3. Fig. 2. Single fragments frequency in children and adolescents of Russian ethnicity from Tashtagol with different doses of active ribosomal genes (*p < 0,03, significantly difference between children with a medium dose of AcRG from children with a low dose of AcRG)

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Copyright (c) 2017 Timofeeva A.A., Minina V.I., Druzhinin V.G., Golovina T.A., Tolochko T.A., Larionov A.V.

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