Changes of the genetic structure in chronically irradiated scots pine populations

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Abstract

Summary: Background. The vast forest areas were affected by radioactive fallout of the Chernobyl accident. Data about the long-term effects of chronic radiation exposure are insufficient, as well as knowledge about its influence on the genetic structure of populations. Study of isozyme polymorphism allows us to identify how chronic low-dose radiation exposure affects the genetic structure of plant populations and to develop new methods for assessing the biological effects of anthropogenic impact on terrestrial ecosystems.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in six sites in the Bryansk region (4 radioactively contaminated and 2 reference ones). The method of vertical electrophoresis in PAAG was used for estimation of polymorphism of three enzymes involved in metabolic pathways. Activity of enzymes in seeds of Scots pine was assessed by spectrophotometry.

Results. The frequency of mutations in isozymes loci increased along the level of radiation exposure (7-130 mGy/year), as well as some characteristics of the genetic structure of populations. Biochemical activity of studied enzymes does not depend on the level of dose absorbed in the generative organs of pine.

Conclusions. It was found that the frequency of mutational events in loci of catabolic/anabolic enzymes and in the loci of previously studied antioxidant enzymes increases along the level of radiation exposure. The degree of the biological effect of chronic exposure was different in groups of catabolic/anabolic enzymes and antioxidant enzymes. Radiation exposure contributes to changes in the genetic structure of Scots pine populations.

About the authors

Elizaveta A Kazakova

Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology

Author for correspondence.
Email: alvaly@mail.ru

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of radiobiology and ecotoxicology plant

Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia

Polina Yu Volkova

Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology

Email: volkova.obninsk@gmail.com

PhD, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of radiobiology and ecotoxicology plant

Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia

Stanislav A Geras’kin

Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology

Email: stgeraskin@gmail.com

ScD, Professor, Head of laboratory, Laboratory of radiobiology and ecotoxicology plant

Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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2. Fig. 1. The location of experimental sites in the Bryansk region. The map from [6] with modifications

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3. Fig. 2. The schematic designation of allozymes LAP, G6PD, MDH loci and the examples of zymograms of LAP (а), G6FD (b) and MDH (c)

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4. Fig. 3. The frequencies of different types of mutations (a) and the total mutation rates (b) in the endosperms of Scots pine seeds among all loci of the G6FD, MDH and LAP enzymes

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5. Fig. 4. The characteristics of genetic structure of the studied populations of Scots pine: the index of genotypic diversity (a), the proportion of rare alleles (b) and the effective numbers of alleles (c)

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6. Fig. 5. The genetic differentiation of populations studied

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Copyright (c) 2017 Kazakova E.A., Volkova P.Y., Geras’kin S.A.

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