The genetic variation in pulmonate mollusk (Arianta arbustorum L.) in Leningrad Region

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Abstract

Background. One of the most mysterious phenomenon related to biological invasions is the so-called “genetic paradox”. It is supposed that invasive species population starts from a small number of individuals and thus should possess low genetic variation, and then what mechanisms provide it successive distribution instead of lower survivorship in front of native species is not clear. It has been shown that there are several scenarios of invasion that may help to overcome this paradox. Here, we investigate genetic variation within and between the invasive populations of land snail in Leningrad region aimed to test the various probable invasion scenarios. Materials and methods. Samples were collected in Leningrad region in May-October 2014 at both shores of the Gulf of Finland with maximal distance between the sites in 80 km and stored in 96% ethanol. As a molecular marker to study genetic variation a sequence of DNA fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 was used. Results. We revealed abnormally low haplotype and nucleotide diversity in the snail populations under study. Therewith four haplotypes uncovered among 47 specimens from the territory of approximately 100 km2 were unique for Leningrad area. Phylogenetic analysis showed one sample from Denmark in the same cluster with samples from Leningrad region. This indirectly point on colonization route from Central Europe through Denmark, but this assumption should be confirmed by enlarge sampling. Conclusions. The data obtained suggest the ‘bridgehead’ model of the land snail invasion in Leningrad region. In favor of this evidence that all haplotypes recovered in Leningrad area were unique, differing from the closest haplotype from Denmark by several mutations. This fact together with extremely low haplotype and nucleotide diversity most likely points that snails first accumulated at a small territory during a rather long period. Neutrality test are in accordance with balancing selection.

About the authors

Olga V Bondareva

ZIN RAS

Email: olga.v.bondareva@gmail.com
Trainee, Laboratory of molecular systematic

Marina I Orlova

ZIN RAS

Email: marina.orlova2012@gmail.com
Sc.D., Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Freshwater and Experimental Hydrobiology

Natalja I Abramson

ZIN RAS

Email: natalia_abr@mail.ru
Ph.d., head, Laboratory of molecular systematic. ZIN RAS. Leading researcher

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Map with sampling localities. For GPS coordonates see table 1

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3. Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on COI dataset. The width of the rectangle corresponds to the number of sequences in locality, that given as country name. Parsimony bootstrap frequencies that are greather than 50% are labelled on the tree

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4. Fig. 3. (a) Median-joining haplotype network of COI mitochondrial sequences of A. arbustorum. The numbers indicate the number of mutational. steps between haplotypes. The size of the circles is proportional to the number of individuals with that haplotype. Name represent the geographical region of sampled specimens with exeption of Austria (b). Median-joining haplotype network of COI mitochondrial sequences of A. arbustorum from Leningrad region. The numbers indicate the number of mutational steps between haplotypes. The size of the circles is proportional to the number of individuals with that haplotype

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Copyright (c) 2016 Bondareva O.V., Orlova M.I., Abramson N.I.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
 


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