Identification of effector genes of Parastagonospora nodorum, P. pseudonodorum in Tambov populations and sensitivity genes to NEs in varieties and hybrid lines of spring soft wheat

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Parastagonospora nodorum and P. pseudonodorum are known for their ability to produce necrotrophic effectors that play an important role in micromycete pathogenicity. Fungal strains characterized by the presence of effector genes will be used to create artificial infectious backgrounds to identify sources and donors of resistance to fungal diseases. Selected varieties and lines that are donors of recessive alleles snn1 and snn3, which control plant resistance to fungal toxins PtrTox1 and PtrTox3, are recommended for inclusion in programs for breeding wheat for resistance to septoriosis pathogens.

AIM: The aim of the work is to assess the populations of the fungi Parastagonospora nodorum and P. pseudonodorum in 2023 based on the presence of effector genes, as well as to identify alleles of Snn1/snn1, Snn3/snn3 genes that control the sensitivity or resistance of wheat to PtrTox1 and PtrTox3 toxins.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Infectious samples were collected in 2023 from spring wheat leaves. In addition, the material for the study was 2 varieties and 23 lines of spring soft wheat of local selection. Using the molecular markers Xfcp624 and Xcfd20, the presence of the Snn1 and Snn3-B1 alleles, which control sensitivity to the fungal toxins PtrTox1 and PtrTox3, was detected.

RESULTS: Using molecular screening, ToxA and Tox1 genes were identified in genotypes of P. pseudonodorum isolates; Tox3 and Tox267 in P. nodorum isolates. 2 varieties of spring soft wheat and 11 hybrid lines carry a recessive allele snn1, which protects against the phytopathogen toxin PtrTox1; wheat variety Tambovchanka and 2 hybrid lines carry the recessive allele snn3 on chromosome B1, which confers resistance to the fungal toxin PtrTox3.

CONCLUSIONS: The ToxA gene was found only among monoconidial isolates of P. pseudonodorum species obtained from leaves of spring soft wheat of Lebedushka variety. As a result of molecular screening, the Tox1 gene was identified among 70 P. pseudonodorum isolates (43,21% of those studied). The presence of the Tox3 and Tox267 genes was established in 30 isolates of P. nodorum species obtained from plant samples of spring durum wheat Donskaya Elegiya. Using the PCR method, donors of the snn1 and snn3 genes were identified.

About the authors

Yulia V. Zeleneva

All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection

Author for correspondence.
Email: zelenewa@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9716-288X
SPIN-code: 5847-8222

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Assistant Professor

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Valentina P. Sudnikova

I.V. Michurin Federal Science Center, Middle-Russian Branch

Email: sudnikova47@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5367-1340
SPIN-code: 5700-6057

Cand. Sci. (Agriculture)

Russian Federation, Tambov Region

Ivan V. Gusev

I.V. Michurin Federal Science Center, Middle-Russian Branch

Email: tmbsnifs@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1063-4739
SPIN-code: 5986-6142
Russian Federation, Tambov Region

Olga A. Baranova

All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection

Email: baranova_oa@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9439-2102
SPIN-code: 4868-9416

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Electropherogram of amplification products obtained using primers TA51F/TA52 R, specific for the ToxA gene. Amplicon size is 573 bp. M — DNA marker GeneRuler 100bp (Thermo Fisher Scientific); K+ — isolate 29-21-P.n.; K– — isolate 26-21-P.n. Index numbers correspond to isolates 31-23-1…12-P.ps.

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3. Fig. 2. Electropherogram of amplification products obtained using primers SnTox1cF/SnTox1cR, specific for the Tox1 gene. Amplicon size is 500 bp. M — DNA marker GeneRuler 100bp (Thermo Fisher scientific); К+ — isolate 32-21-P.n.; К– — isolate 29-21-P.n. Index numbers correspond to isolates: 1 — 3-23-2-P.ps., 2 — 31-23-1-P.ps., 3 — 42-23-1-P.ps., 4 — 43-23-1-P.ps., 5 — 50-23-1-P.ps., 6 — 57-23-1-P.ps., 7 — 33-23-11-P.ps., 8 — 45-23-1-P.ps., 9 — 24-23-1-P.n., 10 — 34-23-1-P.ps., 11 — 41-23-1-P.ps., 12 — 44-23-1-P.ps., 13 — 46-23-1-P.ps., 14 — 55-23-1-P.ps., 15 — 61-23-1-P.ps., 16 — 63-23-1-P.ps., 17 — 64-23-1-P.ps.

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4. Fig. 3. Electropherogram of amplification products obtained using primers SnTox3cF/SnTox3cR, specific for the Tox3 gene. Amplicon size is 600 bp. M — DNA marker GeneRuler 100bp (Thermo Fisher Scientific); K+ — isolate 29–21-P.n.; K– — isolate 26–21-P.n. Index numbers correspond to isolates 24-23-1…10-P.n.

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5. Fig. 4. Electropherogram of amplification products obtained using primers SnTox2_DONR_F/SnTox2_DON_RS, specific for the Tox267 gene. Amplicon size is 2000 bp. M — DNA marker Step Long (Biolabmix); K– — H2O was added to the reaction mixture. Index numbers correspond to isolates 24-23-1.10-P.n.

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6. Fig. 5. Electropherogram of amplification products obtained using primers Xfcp624F/Xfcp624R, specific for the Snn1 gene. Amplicon size is 345 bp. M — DNA marker Thermo Scientific GeneRuler 50bp DNA Ladder; К+ — Mironovskaya 808 [36]; К– — H2O was added to the reaction mixture. The index numbers correspond to the numbers of the variety samples in table 3

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7. Fig. 6. Electropherogram of amplification products obtained using primers Xcfd20F/Xcfd20R, specific for the Snn3 gene. Amplicon size is 370, 380, 500, 700 bp. M — DNA marker Thermo Scientific GeneRuler 50bp DNA Ladder; К+ — Mironovskaya 808 [36]; К– — H2O was added to the reaction mixture. The index numbers correspond to the numbers of the variety samples in table 3

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