Prokaryotic communities of technozems of the spoil heaps of Kursk magnetic anomaly

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Abstract

Background. Spoil heaps chronosequences are convenient models to analyze the succession of microbiome during restoration of anthropogenically disturbed landscapes. The investigation of the heavy metal content in lands with mining activity, can be used as an indicator of ecosystem recovery.

Materials and methods. Objects were technozems of 1-year, 25- and 50-year-old embryonic soils, and control soil under forest. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and NGS-sequencing of V4 region of 16S rRNA gene were applied. Results. During the soil-forming process, an increase organic carbon and nitrogen, as well as a gradual increase archaeal 16S rRNA gene copies and in the number of Bradyrhizobiaceae, Blastocatellaceae, Xantobacteriaceae. Although we found a number of taxa that increased during soil-forming process (Thaumarchaeota, Bradyrhizobiaceae, Blastocatellaceae, Xantobacteriaceae), technozems of different ages had a similar structure and diversity of prokaryotic communities, differing from a nature soil. Biodiversity analysis revealed that technozems generally had a similar structure and diversity of prokaryotic communities, significantly differing from the mature soil a specific clusterization of microbiomes. The HM contents and bacterial abundances remained at the same level in chronosequence.

Conclusions. The 50 years of soil development on overburden spoil heaps is not enough for the recovery from HM contamination and restoration of soil ecosystem functioning.

About the authors

Ekaterina A. Ivanova

V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute; All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology; Agrophysical Research Institute

Author for correspondence.
Email: ektrnivanova@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1589-9875

PhD of Biology, Senior Researcher of the Department of Biology and Biochemistry of Soils; Research Scientist of the Laboratory of Microbiological Monitoring and Bioremediation of Soils; Research Scientist of the Department of the Modelling of Adaptive Agrotechologies

Russian Federation, Moscow; St. Petersburg, Pushkin; St. Petersburg

Elizaveta V. Pershina

All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology

Email: microbioliza@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4472-1013

PhD of Biology, Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Microbiological Monitoring and Bioremediation of Soils

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Pushkin

Dina V. Karpova

M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: karpovad@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9892-9621

Dr. Sc. of Agricultural Sciences, of the Department of Soil Erosion and Consernation of the Faculty of Soil Science

Russian Federation, Moscow

Azida K. Tkhakakhova

V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute

Email: azida271183@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9375-2364

PhD of Biology, Senior Researcher of the Department of Biology and Biochemistry of Soils

Russian Federation, Moscow

Alyona D. Zhelezova

V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute

Email: alferrum@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2086-299X

PhD of Biology, Senior Researcher of the Department of Biology and Biochemistry of Soils

Russian Federation, Moscow

Olga B. Rogova

V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute

Email: olga_rogova@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2908-0828

PhD of Biology, Senior Researcher of the Department of Biology and Biochemistry of Soils

Russian Federation, Moscow

Mikhail V. Semenov

V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute

Email: gosmv@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6811-5793

PhD of Biology, Senior Researcher of the Department of Biology and Biochemistry of Soils

Russian Federation, Moscow

Anatoly I. Stifeev

Horticulture and Plant Protection

Email: stifeev09.2015@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7872-8921

Dr.Sc. of agricultural sciences, chief researcher of department of ecology, gardening and protection of plants

Russian Federation, Kursk

Dmitry A. Nikitin

V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute

Email: dimnik90@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8533-6536

PhD of Biology, Researcher of the Department of Soil Biology and Biochemistry

Russian Federation, Moscow

Tatiana V. Kolganova

Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: tatrifon@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7436-5219

PhD of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher

Russian Federation, Москва

Evgeny E. Andronov

V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute; All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology

Email: eeandr@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0437-9292

PhD of Biology, Leading Researcher of the Department of Biology and Biochemistry of Soils; Manager of the Laboratory of Microbiological Monitoring and Bioremediation of Soils

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg, Pushkin

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2. Figure: 1. The number of copies of the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria (a) and archaea (b) in technozems (LL1 and LL1LL1b) and embryozems (LL25–50) of the dumps of the Kursk magnetic anomaly, as well as in the control soil (control_U, control_D)

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3. Figure: 2. Indicators of alpha-diversity of technozems and embryozems of overburden rocks of the Kursk magnetic anomaly, as well as in the control soil

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4. Figure: 3. PCoA-analysis of unweighted (a) and weighted (b) Unifrac distances of microbial communities of technozems and embryozems of overburden dumps of the Kursk magnetic anomaly and in the control soil. Layers 0–5 cm are shown in gray, 5–10 cm in black

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5. Figure: 4. The structure of microbial communities of the studied soils at the phylum level

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6. Figure: 5. Heat map of dominant taxa associated with the studied stages of soil formation on the dumps of the Kursk magnetic anomaly and in samples of control soil

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Copyright (c) 2020 Ivanova E.A., Pershina E.V., Karpova D.V., Tkhakakhova A.K., Zhelezova A.D., Rogova O.B., Semenov M.V., Stifeev A.I., Nikitin D.A., Kolganova T.V., Andronov E.E.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
 


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