The study of hybridization processes within genus Sparganium L. Subgenus Xanthosparganium holmb. Based on data of next generation sequencing (NGS)

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Abstract

The study represents the results of research of intragenic polymorphism in transcribed spacer ITS1 of the 35S rRNA genes in representatives of subgenus Xanthosparganium genus Sparganium which were obtained by means of locus-specific next generation sequencing on the platform Illumina MiSeq. It was shown that ribotype variations in studied samples generally correspond to the division of this genus into three sections – Erecta (subgenus Sparganium), Natantia and Minima (subgenus Xanthosparganium). High level of intragenic polymorphism was revealed in S. hyperboreum, with ribotypes distributed among several groups. Genome of this species includes ribotypes which are typical for other species in subgenus Xanthosparganium. For two investigated S. glomeratum samples, there were no ribotypes similar to such ribotypes in other species of Natantia section. S. glomeratum has got ribotypes identical with S. hyperboreum of Minima section. This feature may be the evidence of ancient intersectional hybridization of these two species. Characteristics of rDNA in S. glomeratum are in favor of putting this species into Minima section. It was suggested that speciation processes within the genus could be based not only on hybridization but also went on in allopatric way. The fist statement is supported by the presence of similar and identical ribotypes in S. emersum, S. × longifolium, S. gramineum and S. hyperboreum, the second – as it was mentioned by other researchers, is due to close relationship between North American and Eurasian taxa.

About the authors

Evgeniy A. Belyakov

Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, RAS; Cherepovets State University

Email: eugenybeliakov@yandex.ru
SPIN-code: 6944-1980

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Higher Aquatic Plants

Russian Federation, 109, Borok, Nekouz, Yaroslavl, 152742; 5, Lunacharscy street, Cherepovets, 162600

Eduard M. Machs

Komarov Botanical Institute RAS

Email: emachs@binran.ru
SPIN-code: 9496-0538
Scopus Author ID: 8619012500
ResearcherId: J-4970-2018

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Biosystematics and Cytology

Russian Federation, 2, Professor Popov str., Saint Petersburg, 197376

Yulia V. Mikhailova

Komarov Botanical Institute RAS

Email: ymikhaylova@binran.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9278-0937
SPIN-code: 4271-1072
Scopus Author ID: 6506004774
ResearcherId: L-7482-2015

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Researcher, Laboratory of Biosystematics and Cytology

Russian Federation, 2, Professor Popov str., Saint Petersburg, 197376

Aleksandr V. Rodionov

Komarov Botanical Institute RAS; St. Petersburg State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: avrodionov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1146-1622
SPIN-code: 6206-2123
Scopus Author ID: 23767636100

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher with the Assignment of the Duties of the Head of the Laboratory of Biosystematics and Cytology

Russian Federation, 2, Professor Popov str., Saint Petersburg, 197376; 7/9, Universitetskaya embankment, Saint-Petersburg, 199034

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2. Fig. Molecular phylogenetic analysis and ITS1 ribotypes within the genus Sparganium of the subgenus Xanthosparganium, according to the NGS. Molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted applying the maximum likelihood method, based on the Tamura–Ney model [51]. The tree with the highest logarithmic probability is presented (-1211.06). The percentage of trees in which related taxa are grouped together is presented at the branch nodes. Source trees for heuristic searches were obtained based on the Neighbor–Join and BioNJ algorithms, according to the pairwise distance matrix, which is estimated by the maximum composite likelihood with the subsequent selection of the topology with the highest value of logarithmic probability. A tree was created to scale, and the length of the branches was measured by the number of substitutions per site. The analysis used 56 nucleotide sequences. In total, there were 339 positions in the final data set. An evolutionary analysis was conducted at MEGA7 [52]. The first letter (A–F) in the name of the ribotype corresponds to a decrease in the frequency of occurrence (A is the highest)

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