Degenerative scoliosis of the spine: diagnosis, classification and surgical approach in older patients
- Authors: Yarikov A.V.1,2, Denisov A.A.3, Smirnov I.I.2, Kalinkin A.A.4, Dolotin D.N.5, Masevnin S.V.3, Dokish M.Y.3, Perlmutter O.A.2, Sosnin A.G.1, Fraerman A.P.2, Simonov A.E.2, Sannikova E.V.3
-
Affiliations:
- Privolzhsky District Medical Center
- City Clinical Hospital No. 39
- Vreden National Medical Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics
- Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency
- Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics
- Issue: Vol 12, No 3 (2021)
- Pages: 90-103
- Section: Reviews
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/clinpractice/article/view/66692
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/clinpract66692
- ID: 66692
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Adult scoliosis is a deformity of the spine with an angle of more than 10° (according to Cobb) in people with a fully formed bone system. Due to the aging of the population, improvement of surgical techniques, creation of new implants and progress in anesthetic aids, the problem of degenerative scoliosis has been more and more frequently considered from the viewpoint of a surgical approach. There are many theories about the factors that contribute to the formation of degenerative scoliosis. The conservative therapy of degenerative scoliosis includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, bracing, epidural and paravertebral injections with glucocorticosteroids and physical therapy. In case the conservative therapy is ineffective and there is a significant decrease in the quality of life, the issue of the surgical intervention is raised individually for each patient. Currently, the role and the volume of the surgical intervention in individuals with this pathology remains debatable. The choice of a surgical technique depends on a thorough assessment of clinical symptoms, neurological status, data of instrumental methods and a mandatory estimation of the parameters of the global vertebral-pelvic balance. Therefore, in this article, we pay special attention to the surgical algorithms based on the choice of the decompression type and the fusion length. We describe the generally accepted criteria for selecting the level of spondylosynthesis. Special attention is paid to the risk factors of the surgical treatment, as well as associated complications.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Anton V. Yarikov
Privolzhsky District Medical Center; City Clinical Hospital No. 39
Email: anton-yarikov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4437-4480
SPIN-code: 8151-2292
MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, 2, nab. Nizhne-Volzhskaya, 603001, Nizhny Novgorod; Nizhny NovgorodAnton A. Denisov
Vreden National Medical Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics
Email: denisov1993@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9178-8715
SPIN-code: 7505-7491
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg
Igor I. Smirnov
City Clinical Hospital No. 39
Email: igorev_19931993@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1766-9515
SPIN-code: 6390-0872
Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod
Alexandr A. Kalinkin
Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency
Email: aleksandr_kalinkin27@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0720-4850
SPIN-code: 9919-5834
MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, MoscowDenis N. Dolotin
Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics
Email: d.dolotin@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0430-6595
SPIN-code: 1716-6880
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk
Sergey V. Masevnin
Vreden National Medical Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics
Email: drmasevnin@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3879-4550
SPIN-code: 5505-2641
MD; Cand. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgMichail Y. Dokish
Vreden National Medical Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics
Email: dokish@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9191-1787
MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgOlga A. Perlmutter
City Clinical Hospital No. 39
Email: oaperlmutter@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2894-4110
SPIN-code: 1243-9601
MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor
Russian Federation, Nizhny NovgorodAndrey G. Sosnin
Privolzhsky District Medical Center
Email: sosdoc@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7912-3756
SPIN-code: 6493-2303
MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, 2, nab. Nizhne-Volzhskaya, 603001, Nizhny NovgorodAlexandr P. Fraerman
City Clinical Hospital No. 39
Email: operacii39@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2221-2042
SPIN-code: 2974-3349
MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor
Russian Federation, Nizhny NovgorodAlexandr E. Simonov
City Clinical Hospital No. 39
Email: asimo@ya.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7892-4893
SPIN-code: 7575-5957
MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, Nizhny NovgorodEkaterina V. Sannikova
Vreden National Medical Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics
Author for correspondence.
Email: sannikovaekaterina@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9171-1697
MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgReferences
- Wegner AM, Prior DM, Klineberg EO. Minimally invasive lateral approach for the management of adult degenerative scoliosis. Instr Course Lect. 2017;66:367–377.
- Байков Е.С., Пелеганчук А.В., Сангинов А.Д., и др. Хирургическая коррекция сагиттального дисбаланса поясничного отдела позвоночника дегенеративного генеза // Хирургия позвоночника. 2020. Т. 17, № 2. С. 49–57. [Baykov ES, Peleganchuk AV, Sanginov AD, et al. Surgical correction of sagittal imbalance of the lumbar spine of degenerative genesis. Spinal surgery. 2020;17(2):49–57. (In Russ).] doi: 10.14531/ss2020.2.49-57
- Silva FE, Lenke LG. Adult degenerative scoliosis: Evaluation and management. Neurosurgical Focus. 2010;28(3):E1. doi: 10.3171/2010.1.FOCUS09271
- Васильев А.И. Дегенеративный сколиоз: обзор мировой литературы // Хирургия позвоночника. 2016. Т. 13, № 4. С. 56–65. [Vasiliev AI. Degenerative scoliosis: a review of the world literature. Spinal surgery. 2016;13(4):56–65. (In Russ).] doi: 10.14531/ss2016.4.56-65
- Васильев А.И., Байкалов А.А. Минимально-инвазивное хирургическое лечение пациента с дегенеративным поражением поясничного отдела позвоночника на фоне идиопатического сколиоза // Хирургия позвоночника. 2014. № 4. С. 128–132. [Vasiliev AI, Baykalov AA. Minimally invasive surgical treatment of a patient with degenerative lesion of the lumbar spine on the background of idiopathic scoliosis. Spinal surgery. 2014;(4):128–132. (In Russ).] doi: 10.14531/ss2014.4.128-132
- Климов В.С., Василенко И.И., Евсюков А.В., и др. Применение технологии LLIF у пациентов с дегенеративным сколиозом поясничного отдела позвоночника: анализ ретроспективной когорты и обзор литературы // Гений ортопедии. 2018. Т. 24, № 3. С. 393–403. [Klimov VS, Vasilenko II, Evsyukov AV, et al. Application of LLIF technology in patients with degenerative scoliosis of the lumbar spine: an analysis of a retrospective cohort and a review of the literature. Genii ortopedii. 2018;24(3):393–403. (In Russ).] doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2018-24-3-393-403
- Климов В.С., Василенко И.И., Евсюков А.В., Халепа Р.В. Применение малоинвазивных технологий у пациентов с дегенеративным сколиозом поясничного отдела позвоночника // Современные технологии лечения пациентов с травмой опорно-двигательного аппарата и центральной нервной системы: сб. статей научно-практической конференции / под ред. Т.Г. Рукша. Красноярск, 2019. С. 29–33. [Klimov VS, Vasilenko II, Evsyukov AV, Halepo RV. Application of minimally invasive technologies in patients with degenerative scoliosis of the lumbar spine. In: Modern technologies of treatment of patients with trauma of the musculoskeletal system and the central nervous system: Collection of articles of the scientific and practical conference. Ed. by T.G. Ruksha. Krasnoyarsk; 2019. Р. 29–33. (In Russ).]
- Phillips FM, Isaacs RE, Rodgers WB, et al. Adult degenerative scoliosis treated with XLIF clinical and radiographical results of a prospective multicenter study with 24-month follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(21):1853–1861. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182a43f0b
- Прудникова О.Г. Хирургия деформаций позвоночника у взрослых: актуальные проблемы и подходы к лечению (обзор литературы) // Гений ортопедии. 2015. №4. С. 94–102. [Prudnikova OG. Surgery of spinal deformities in adults: actual problems and approaches to treatment (literature review). Genii ortopedii. 2015;4:94–102. (In Russ).] doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2015-4-94-102
- Гизатуллин Ш.Х., Битнер С.А., Кристостуров А.С., и др. Минимально-инвазивная эндоскопическая фораминальная декомпрессия при дегенеративном сколиозе взрослых: клиническое наблюдение и обзор литературы // Хирургия позвоночника. 2019. Т. 16, № 4. С. 54–62. [Gizatullin SK, Bitner SA, Kristosturov AS, et al. Minimally invasive endoscopic foraminal decompression in adult degenerative scoliosis: clinical observation and literature review. Spinal surgery. 2019;16(4):54–62. (In Russ).]
- Коновалов Н.А., Назаренко А.Г., Асютин Д.С., Мартынова М.А. КТ-навигируемая технология прямого бокового межтелового спондилодеза (DLIF) // Кремлевская медицина. Клинический вестник. 2018. № 3. С. 92–105. [Konovalov NA, Nazarenko AG, Vasyutin DS, Martynova MA. CT-navigable technology of direct lateral interbody fusion (DLIF). Kremlin Medicine. Clinical Bulletin. 2018;(3):92–105. (In Russ).]
- Albert TJ, Purtill J, Mesa J, et al. Health outcome assessment before and after adult deformity surgery: A prospective study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995;20(18):2002–2004; discussion p2005. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199509150-00009
- Transfeldt EE, Topp R, Mehbod AA, Winter RB. Surgical outcomes of decompression, decompression with limited fusion, and decompression with full curve fusion for degenerative scoliosis with radiculopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010;20(35):1872–1875. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181ce63a2
- DeWald CJ, Stanley T. Instrumentation-related complications of multilevel fusions for adult spinal deformity patients over age 65: Surgical considerations and treatment options in patients with poor bone quality. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31(19 Suppl):S144–151. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000236893.65878.39
- Glassman SD, Dimar JR, Carreon LY. Revision rate after adult deformity surgery. Spine Deformity. 2015;3(2):199–203. doi: 10.1016/j.jspd.2014.08.005
- Yadla S, Maltenfort MG, Ratliff JK, Harrop JS. Adult scoliosis surgery outcomes: a systematic review. Neurosurgical Focus. 2010;28(3):E3. doi: 10.3171/2009.12.FOCUS09254
- Никитин А.С., Гринь А.А. Сочетание дегенеративного стеноза позвоночного канала с деформацией позвоночника на поясничном уровне. Обзор литературы // Нейрохирургия. 2018. Т. 20, № 3. С. 91–103. [Nikitin AS, Grin AA. Combination of degenerative spinal canal stenosis with spinal deformity at the lumbar level. Literature review. Neurosurgery. 2018;20(3):91–103. (In Russ).] doi: 10.17650/1683-3295-2018-20-3-91-103
- Млявых С.Г., Боков А.Е., Алейник А.Я., и др. Открытые и минимально-инвазивные технологии в хирургическом лечении стабильных симптоматических стенозов поясничного отдела позвоночника // Современные технологии в медицине. 2019. Т. 11, № 4. С. 135–145. [Mlyavykh SG, Bokov AE, Aleynik AY, et al. Open and minimally invasive technologies in the surgical treatment of stable symptomatic stenoses of the lumbar spine. Modern technologies in medicine. 2019;11(4):135–145. (In Russ).] doi: 10.17691/stm2019.11.4.16
- Cobb J. Outline for the study os scoliosis. Instructional Course Lectures. 1948;5:261–275.
- Nash CL, Moe JH. A study of vertebral rotation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1969;51(2):223–229.
- Крутько А.В., Дурни П., Васильев А.И., Булатов А.В. Минимально-инвазивные технологии в хирургическом лечении дегенеративного поясничного сколиоза взрослых // Хирургия позвоночника. 2014. Т. 4. С. 49–56. [Krutko AV, Durni P, Vasiliev AI, Bulatov AV. Minimally invasive technologies in the surgical treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis in adults. Spinal Surgery. 2014;4:49–56. (In Russ).]
- Aebi M. The adult scoliosis. European Spine Journal. 2005;14(10):925–948. doi: 10.1007/s00586-005-1053-9
- Булатов А.В., Климов В.С., Евсюков А.В. Применение дифференцированного подхода при проведении декомпрессивно-стабилизирующих операций у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста с дегенеративным спондилолистезом поясничного отдела позвоночника // Х съезд Ассоциации хирургов-вертебрологов (RASS): материалы съезда. Москва, 2019. С. 29–30. [Bulatov AV, Klimov VS, Evsyukov AV. Application of a differentiated approach in decompression-stabilizing operations in elderly and senile patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis of the lumbar spine. In: X Congress of the Association of Surgeons-Vertebrologists (RASS): Materials of the congress. Moscow; 2019. Р. 29–30. (In Russ).]
- Булатов А.В., Климов В.С., Евсюков А.В. Хирургическое лечение спондилолистезов низкой степени градации: современное состояние проблемы // Хирургия позвоночника. 2016. Т. 13, № 3. С. 68–77. [Bulatov AV, Klimov VS, Evsyukov AV. Surgical treatment of low-grade spondylolistheses: the current state of the problem. Spinal Surgery. 2016;13(3):68–77. (In Russ).] doi: 10.14531/ss2016.3.68-77
- Крутько А.В., Васильев А.И. Биомеханические и клинико-морфологические особенности у больных дегенеративным сколиозом поясничного отдела позвоночника // Перспективы развития вертебрологии: инновационные технологии в лечении повреждений и заболеваний позвоночника и спинного мозга: материалы IV съезда межрегиональной общественной организации «Ассоциация хирургов-вертебрологов» с международным участием. Новосибирск, 2013. С. 92–95. [Krutko AV, Vasiliev AI. Biomechanical and clinical-morphological features in patients with degenerative scoliosis of the lumbar spine. In: Prospects for the development of vertebrology: innovative technologies in the treatment of injuries and diseases of the spine and spinal cord. Materials of the IV Congress of the Interregional Public organization “Association of Surgeons-Vertebrologists” with international participation. Novosibirsk; 2013. Р. 92–95. (In Russ).]
- Климов В.С., Василенко И.И., Рябых С.О., и др. Влияние реконструкции сагиттального баланса на результаты лечения пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста с дегенеративным спондилолистезом низкой степени градации: анализ моноцентровой четырехлетней когорты // Гений ортопедии. 2020. Т. 26, № 4. С. 555–564. [Klimov VS, Vasilenko II, Ryabykh SO, et al. Influence of sagittal balance reconstruction on the results of treatment of elderly and senile patients with low-grade degenerative spondylolisthesis: an analysis of a monocentric four-year cohort. Genii ortopedii. 2020;26(4):555–564. (In Russ).] doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2020-26-4-555-564
- Nikitin AS, Grin AA. Combination of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis and spinal deformity. Literature review. Russian Journal of Neurosurgery. 2018;20(3):91–103. doi: 10.17650/1683-3295-2018-20-3-91-103
- Антонов Г.И., Мануковский В.А., Иванов И.И. Сагиттальный тазовопозвоночный баланс в хирургии дегенеративного поясничного спинального стеноза // Российский нейрохирургический журнал им. профессора А.Л. Поленова. 2017. Т. 9, № S. С. 19. [Antonov GI, Manukovsky VA, Ivanov II. Sagittal pelvic-vertebral balance in the surgery of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Russian Neurosurgical Journal named after Professor A.L. Polenov. 2017;9(S):19. (In Russ).]
- Антонов Г.И., Мануковский В.А., Иванов И.И., Кинякин В.Н. Возможности минимально-инвазивной коррекции дегенеративного сколиоза // Нейрохирургия. 2016. № 1. С. 107–108. [Antonov GI, Manukovsky VA, Ivanov II, Kinyakin VN. Possibilities of minimally invasive correction of degenerative scoliosis. Neurosurgery. 2016;(1):107–108. (In Russ).]
- Климов В.С., Василенко И.И., Евсюков А.В., Амелина Е.В. Влияние параметров сагиттального баланса на качество жизни у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста, оперированных по поводу дегенеративного стеноза поясничного отдела позвоночника // Вопросы нейрохирургии им. Н.Н. Бурденко. 2017. Т. 81, № 2. С. 56–66. [Klimov VS, Vasilenko II, Evsyukov AV, Amelina EV. Influence of sagittal balance parameters on the quality of life in elderly and senile patients operated on for degenerative stenosis of the lumbar spine. Questions of neurosurgery named after N.N. Burdenko. 2017;81(2):56–66. (In Russ).] doi: 10.17116/neiro201781256-66
- Simmons ED. Surgical treatment of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis with associated scoliosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;384:45–53. doi: 10.1097/00003086-200103000-00007
- Simmons ED, Simmons EH. Spinal stenosis with scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1992;17(6 Suppl):S117–120. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199206001-00009
- Ploumis A, Transfledt EE, Denis F. Degenerative lumbar scoliosis associated with spinal stenosis. Spine J. 2007;7(4):428–436. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2006.07.015
- Faldini C, Pagkrati S, Grandi G, et al. Degenerative lumbar scoliosis: features and surgical treatment. Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. 2006;2(7):67–71. doi: 10.1007/s10195-006-0123-z
- Faldini C. Le scoliosi degenerative. Timeo; 2009.
- Lowe T, Berven SH, Schwab FJ, Bridwell KH. The SRS classification for adult spinal deformity: Building on the King. Moe and Lenke classification systems. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31(19 Suppl):S119–125. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000232709.48446.be
- King HA, Moe JH, Bradford DS, Winter RB. The selection of fusion levels in thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1983;65(9):1302–1313.
- Lenke LG. The lenke classification system of operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2007;18(2):199–206. doi: 10.1016/j.nec.2007.02.006
- Schwab F, El-Fegoun AB, Gamez L, et al. A lumbar classification of scoliosis in the adult patient: Preliminary approach. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30(14):1670–1673. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000170293.81234.f0
- Schwab F, Lafage V, Farcy JP, et al. Surgical rates and operative outcome analysis in thoracolumbar and lumbar major adult scoliosis: application of the new adult deformity classification. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32(24):2723–2730. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815a58f2
- Schwab F, Ungar B, Blondel B, et al. Scoliosis research society-schwab adult spinal deformity classification: A validation study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012;37(20):1790. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318260d8e4
- Smith JS, Kasliwal MK, Crawford A, et al. Outcomes, expectations, and complications overview for the surgical treatment of adult and pediatric spinal deformity. Spine Deformity. 2012;1(1):4–14. doi: 10.1016/j.jspd.2012.04.011
- Гринь А.А., Никитин А.С., Юсупов С.Э. Хирургическая тактика лечения стеноза позвоночного канала на поясничном уровне у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста // Нейрохирургия. 2020. Т. 22, № 1. С. 93–102. [Grin AA, Nikitin AS, Yusupov SE. Surgical tactics of treatment of spinal canal stenosis at the lumbar level in elderly and senile patients. Neurosurgery. 2020;22(1):93–102. (In Russ).] doi: 10.17650/1683-3295-2020-22-1-93-102
- Климов В.С., Халепа Р.В., Амелина Е.В., и др. Влияние сочетанной патологии на результаты хирургического лечения пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста с дегенеративным стенозом позвоночного канала на поясничном уровне // Хирургия позвоночника. 2020. Т. 17, № 2. С. 31–42. [Klimov VS, Halepa RV, Amelina EV, et al. Influence of combined pathology on the results of surgical treatment of elderly and senile patients with degenerative spinal canal stenosis at the lumbar level. Spinal Surgery. 2020;17(2):31–42. (In Russ).]
- Климов В.С., Василенко И.И., Евсюков А.В. Анализ результатов этапной коррекции тяжелых дегенеративных деформации поясничного отдела позвоночника у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста // Х съезд Ассоциации хирургов-вертебрологов (RASS): материалы съезда. Москва, 2019. С. 62–63. [Klimov VS, Vasilenko II, Evsyukov AV. Analysis of the results of stage-by-stage correction of severe degenerative deformities of the lumbar spine in elderly and senile patients. In: X Congress of the Association of Surgeons-Vertebrologists (RASS): Materials of the congress. Moscow; 2019. Р. 62–63. (In Russ).]
- Glassman SD, Bridwell K, Dimar JR, et al. The impact of positive sagittal balance in adult spinal deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30(18):2024–2029. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000179086.30449.96
- Крутько А.В., Васильев А.И. Зависимость клинических проявлений от биомеханических параметров у больных дегенеративным сколиозом поясничного отдела позвоночника // Вертебрология — проблемы, поиски, решения: сборник работ Всероссийской научно-практической конференции и конференции молодых ученых. Москва, 2016. С. 109–112. [Krutko AV, Vasiliev AI. Dependence of clinical manifestations on biomechanical parameters in patients with degenerative scoliosis of the lumbar spine. In: Vertebrology — problems, searches, solutions: Collection of works of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference and Conference of Young Scientists. Moscow; 2016. Р. 109–112. (In Russ).]
- Cho KJ, Suk SI, Park SR, et al. Risk factors of sagittal decompensation after long posterior instrumentation and fusion for degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010;35(17):1595–601. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181bdad89
- Schwab FJ, Blondel B, Bess S, et al. Radiographical spinopelvic parameters and disability in the setting of adult spinal deformity: A prospective multicenter analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(13):E803–812. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318292b7b9
- Козлов Д.М., Крутько А.В., Колотов Е.Б., Ахметьянов Ш.А. Отдаленные результаты хирургического лечения дегенеративных заболеваний поясничного отдела позвоночника у пациентов старше 60 лет // Вопросы нейрохирургии им. Н.Н. Бурденко. 2011. Т. 75, № 3. С. 57–61. [Kozlov DM, Krutko AV, Kolotov EB, Akhmetyanov SA. Long-term results of surgical treatment of degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine in patients older than 60 years. Questions of neurosurgery named after N.N. Burdenko. 2011;75(3):57–61. (In Russ).]
- Bradford DS, Tay BK, Hu SS. Adult scoliosis: Surgical indications, operative management, complications, and outcomes. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999;24(24):2617–2629. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199912150-00009
- Marchesi DG, Aebi M. Pedicle fixation devices in the treatment of adult lumbar scoliosis. Spine(Phila Pa 1976). 1992;17(8 Suppl):S304–309. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199208001-00016
- Akbarnia BA, Ogilvie JW, Hammerberg KW. Debate: Degenerative scoliosis — to operate or not to operate. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31(19 Suppl):S195–201. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000234732.43489.0f
- Irmola TM, Häkkinen A, Järvenpää S, et al. Reoperation rates following instrumented lumbar spine fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2018;43(4):295–301. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002291
- Vaccaro AR, Ball ST. Indications for instrumentation in degenerative lumbar spinal disorders. Orthopedics. 2000;23(3):260–271; quiz 272-3.
- Minamide A, Yoshida M, Iwahashi H, et al. Minimally invasive decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis with degenerative scoliosis: predictive factors of radiographic and clinical outcomes. J Orthop Sci. 2017;22(3):377–383. doi: 10.1016/j.jos.2016.12.022
- Telfeian AE, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Gokaslan ZL. Transforaminal endoscopic decompression in the setting of lateral lumbar spondylolisthesis. World Neurosurg. 2018;117:321–325. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.06.106
- Млявых С.Г., Боков А.Е., Алейник А.Я., Яшин К.С. Сравнение результатов минимально инвазивных и открытых хирургических технологий у пациентов с симптоматическим стенозом поясничного отдела позвоночника на фоне сколиотической деформации // Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова. 2019. № 4. С. 33–42. [Mlyavykh SG, Bokov AE, Aleynik AY, Yashin KS. Comparison of the results of minimally invasive and open surgical technologies in patients with symptomatic stenosis of the lumbar spine against the background of scoliotic deformity. Bulletin of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after N.N. Priorov. 2019;(4):33–42. (In Russ).] doi: 10.17116/vto201904133
- Cho KJ, Suk SI, Park SR, et al. Short fusion versus long fusion for degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Eur Spine J. 2008;17(5):650–656. doi: 10.1007/s00586-008-0615-z
- Wang G. Surgical treatments for degenerative lumbar scoliosis: a meta-analysis. Eur Spine J. 2015;24(8):1792–1799. doi: 10.1007/s00586-015-3942-x
- Wong E, Altaf F, Oh LJ, Gray RJ. Adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Orthopedics. 2017;40(6):e930–e939. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20170606-02
- Denisov AA, Ptashnikov DA, Mikhaylov DA, et al. Individual lordotic cages implantation and radiographic evaluation of segmental and lumbar lordosis correction for patients with adult degenerative scoliosis. Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2020;26(2):71–78. doi: 10.21823/2311-2905-2020-26-2-71-78
- Gupta MC. Degenerative scoliosis: options for surgical management. Orthop Clin North Am. 2003;34(2):269–279. doi: 10.1016/s0030-5898(03)00029-4
- Cho KJ, Kim KT, Kim WJ, et al. Pedicle subtraction osteotomy in elderly patients with degenerative sagittal imbalance. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(24):E1561–1566. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182a63c29
- Edwards CC, Bridwell KH, Patel A, et al. Thoracolumbar deformity arthrodesis to L5 in adults: The fate of the L5–S1 disc. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003;28(18):2122–2131. doi: 10.1097/01.BRS.0000084266.37210.85
- Kuhns CA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, et al. Thoracolumbar deformity arthrodesis stopping at L5 fate of the L5–S1 disc, minimum 5-year follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32(24):2771–2776. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815a7ece
- Cho KJ, Suk SI, Park SR, et al. Complications in posterior fusion and instrumentation for degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;20(32):2232–2237. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31814b2d3c
- Chrastil J, Patel AA. Complications associated with posterior and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012;20(5):283–291. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-20-05-283
Supplementary files
![](/img/style/loading.gif)