The nervous system damage in COVID-19

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Abstract

Based on the available publications, the article systematizes the data on the forms of damage to the central nervous system in СOVID-19 patients. We discuss the diagnostic approaches (laboratory, instrumental and radiological) and the therapeutic tactics for different nosological forms from cranial mononeuropathies to acute inflammatory Guillain-Barré polyneuropathy and severe damage to the brain and spinal cord with acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy and myelopathies. Pathogenetically, neurological disorders in COVID-19 can be caused by a “cytokine storm”, hypoxemia, homeostasis disorders (encephalopathy of critical illness), neurotropic and neurovirulence features of SARS-CoV-2 (isolated damage to the cranial nerves, focal and diffuse lesions of the central nervous system), and mixed effects of these factors. COVID-19 affects the course of chronic neurological diseases, especially related with neuroimmune disorders. All of the above determines the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of COVID-19 and its complications with the mandatory participation of a neurologist.

About the authors

Vladimir V. Belopasov

Astrakhan State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: belopasov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0458-0703
SPIN-code: 6089-1321

MD, PhD, Professor

Russian Federation, Astrakhan

Yassine Yachou

Astrakhan State Medical University

Email: yassine.yachou@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3173-3007

Student

Russian Federation, Astrakhan

Ekaterina M. Samoilova

Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia

Email: samoyket@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0485-6581
SPIN-code: 3014-6243

MD

Russian Federation, Moscow

Vladimir P. Baklaushev

Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia

Email: baklaushev.vp@fnkc-fmba.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1039-4245
SPIN-code: 3968-2971
https://fnkc-fmba.ru/about/komanda-upravleniya/

MD, PhD

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into brain structures

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3. Fig. 2. Defeat of sensory branches n. vagus, basal nuclei and brainstem in COVID-19

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4. Table 1 Subtypes of critical encephalopathy

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