The role of human and microbial metabolites of triptophane in severe diseases and critical ill (review)

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Abstract

The growing interest to metabolites circulating in the blood is associated with the accumulation of factual material on the involvement of low-molecular compounds in the development of a number of serious diseases. This review reveals the effect of a whole class of chemical compounds — tryptophan metabolites — on various pathological processes. The following keywords were used to find the publications in the PubMed database for the last 10 years: names of natural indole compounds, methods for their detection, nosology of diseases and critical illness . The data are presented in sections, with the studies of tryptophan metabolites in a variety of disease groups, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, bowel, mental disorders, atherosclerosis, etc. A particular attention is paid to the role of indole compounds that enter the systemic circulation as a result of microbial biotransformation of tryptophan, serotonin and other indole metabolites, which can be attributed to the “common metabolites” of humans and microbiota. The most interesting clinical studies are summarized in the tables and figures. A number of indole metabolites are considered as potential biomarkers. The authors of the review substantiate the metabolomic approach to the study of a number of oncological, septic, mental and other intractable diseases, which opens up new possibilities of influence on the pathological process by targeted regulation in the metabolome/microbiome system.

About the authors

M. L. Getsina

Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology

Email: nvbeloborodova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7222-4140
SPIN-code: 1666-2899
Scopus Author ID: 6506928189

Cand. Sci. (Chem.)

Russian Federation, Moscow

E. A. Chernevskaya

Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology

Email: kate.chernevskaya@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9316-8907
SPIN-code: 1141-7892

Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

Russian Federation, Moscow

N. V. Beloborodova

Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology

Author for correspondence.
Email: nvbeloborodova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2328-1610
SPIN-code: 8739-0123

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of tryptophan metabolism: (1) tryptophan 5-hydroxylase; (2) tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; (3) aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase; (4) indolethylamine N-methyltransferase; (5) kinurenin formamidase; (6) kinurinine 3-monoxidase; (7) aldehyde dehydroxylase, mitochondrial; (8) aldehyde dehydroxylase mitochondrial or aldehyde oxidase; (9) serotonin N-acetyltransferase; (10) acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (cited in [6])

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3. Fig. 2. The main changes characteristic of tryptophan and its metabolites in severe diseases and critical conditions

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4. Fig. 1. Scheme of tryptophan metabolism: (1) tryptophan 5-hydroxylase; (2) tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; (3) aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase; (4) indolethylamine N-methyltransferase; (5) kynurenine formamidase; (6) kynurenine 3-monoxidase; (7) mitochondrial aldehyde dehydroxylase; (8) mitochondrial aldehyde dehydroxylase or aldehyde oxidase; (9) serotonin N-acetyltransferase; (10) acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (Cited from [6])

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5. Fig. 2. The main changes characteristic of tryptophan and its metabolites in severe diseases and critical conditions

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Copyright (c) 2020 Getsina M.L., Chernevskaya E.A., Beloborodova N.V.

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