Magnetic resonance imaging as a tool of differential diagnostic in the brainstem damage in children

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Abstract

In this review, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is presented as a tool for the differential diagnostics of the brainstem lesions in children. It has been shown that both the isolated brainstem lesions or those related to the supratentorial changes occur within a wide range of pathological conditions — in acute stroke, dismetabolic disorders, inflammatory processes of both the infectious and non-infectious (autoimmune, paraneoplastic) etiology, neurodegenerative diseases, tumors. A small size of the brainstem, as well as a less clear distinction between the gray and white matter and certain limitations of visualization of the infratentorial structures with multiparametric MRI often lead to difficulties in the differential diagnosis. Sometimes the most important in the diagnostics is the topography of lesions and their signal intensity. Nevertheless, the clinical data, the results of epidemiological and laboratory studies are of primary importance for the differential diagnosis of brainstem lesions.

 

About the authors

N. V. Marchenko

Federal State-Financed Institution Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases under the Federal Medical Biological Agency

Email: gmv2006@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2684-9980
SPIN-code: 9813-1529

к.м.н., зав. отделением лучевой диагностики

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

V. B. Voitenkov

Federal State-Financed Institution Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases under the Federal Medical Biological Agency; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: vlad203@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0448-7402
SPIN-code: 6190-6930

к.м.н., зав. отделением функциональных методов диагностики; доцент кафедры нервных болезней 

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg; Moscow

N. V. Skripchenko

Federal State-Financed Institution Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases under the Federal Medical Biological Agency

Email: snv@niidi.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8927-3176
SPIN-code: 7980-4060

д.м.н., профессор, зам. директора по научной работе

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

M. A. Bedova

Federal State-Financed Institution Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases under the Federal Medical Biological Agency

Email: dr.bedova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8924-5300
SPIN-code: 9667-3210

врач-невролог, м.н.с. отдела функциональных и лучевых методов диагностики

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

O. O. Kurzanceva

Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia

Email: science@medprofedu.ru
SPIN-code: 6971-0232

к.м.н., доцент, ученый секретарь Ученого совета

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Patient A., 7 years old. MRI: damage to the brain stem as a result of acute cerebrovascular accident according to ischemic type in the basin of the main artery, 2nd day of illness

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3. Fig. 2. Patient M., 9 years old. MRI: viral encephalitis, acute period of the disease. Etiology - herpes type II (blood IgM)

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4. Fig. 3. Patient R., 15 years old. MRI: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with transformation into multiple sclerosis

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Copyright (c) 2020 Marchenko N.V., Voitenkov V.B., Skripchenko N.V., Bedova M.A., Kurzanceva O.O.

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