Developing a method and software for modeling gambling- and risk-associated states in rodents during intracranial self-stimulation
- Authors: Balaganskiy I.A.1, Lebedev A.A.1,2, Pyurveev S.S.1,3, Lyakso E.E.2, Radeeva A.V.1, Bychkov E.R.1, Shabanov P.D.1,2
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Affiliations:
- Institute of Experimental Medicine
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
- Issue: Vol 23, No 3 (2025)
- Pages: 303-312
- Section: Original study articles
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/RCF/article/view/352623
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/RCF685840
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/PZUIZN
- ID: 352623
Cite item
Abstract
Background: Intracranial self-stimulation is widely used to study reward and addiction mechanisms in laboratory animals.
Aim: The work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly developed and tested hard- and software system for intracranial self-stimulation experiments in rats, providing flexible stimulation modes that simulate gambling and risk-associated conditions observed in humans.
Methods: A custom C# (.NET) real-time application was created to control a microcontroller-based stimulator via a USB interface. Male Wistar rats were implanted with electrodes in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) at the following coordinates: AP = –5.0 mm (from bregma); L = –0.9 mm; H = –8.4 mm from the skull surface. The animals were trained to perform self-stimulation in a two-lever Skinner box using a fixed-ratio (FR1-3) schedule at threshold current intensity. After training, one lever was switched to a variable-ratio (VR3-6) schedule with a 15% increase in current intensity. The behavior was assessed once the self-stimulation response had stabilized.
Results: The newly developed software provided stable long-term generation of bipolar pulses (1–1000 µA, 100 Hz) with precise time stamping. Depending on stimulation parameters, the animals preferred either the variable-ratio (VR3-6) or fixed-ratio (FR1-3) schedule. A decrease in the probability of reinforcement in the variable-ratio (VR) schedule led to a shift in preference toward the fixed-ratio (FR) lever. A 7-day course of intraperitoneal paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day resulted in a shift in the lever-press ratio toward preference for the fixed-ratio (FR1-3) schedule in a single-trial experiment.
Conclusion: The developed system allows for effective assessment of rodent states resembling human gambling and risk-taking during the formation of addictive behavior. A course of paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, led to a decrease in the frequency of risk-related choices, resembling gambling and risk-taking behavior in humans.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Ivan A. Balaganskiy
Institute of Experimental Medicine
Author for correspondence.
Email: balaganskiiivan@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-1752-0785
Russian Federation, 12 Akademika Pavlova st, Saint Petersburg, 197022
Andrei A. Lebedev
Institute of Experimental Medicine; Saint Petersburg State University
Email: aalebedev-iem@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0297-0425
SPIN-code: 4998-5204
Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor
Russian Federation, 12 Akademika Pavlova st, Saint Petersburg, 197022; Saint PetersburgSarng S. Pyurveev
Institute of Experimental Medicine; Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
Email: dr.purveev@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4467-2269
SPIN-code: 5915-9767
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)
Russian Federation, 12 Akademika Pavlova st, Saint Petersburg, 197022; Saint PetersburgElena E. Lyakso
Saint Petersburg State University
Email: lyakso@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6073-0393
SPIN-code: 8669-2483
Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgAnna V. Radeeva
Institute of Experimental Medicine
Email: anyawinteranya@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6152-4276
SPIN-code: 4735-4292
Russian Federation, 12 Akademika Pavlova st, Saint Petersburg, 197022
Evgenii R. Bychkov
Institute of Experimental Medicine
Email: bychkov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8911-6805
SPIN-code: 9408-0799
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)
Russian Federation, 12 Akademika Pavlova st, Saint Petersburg, 197022Petr D. Shabanov
Institute of Experimental Medicine; Saint Petersburg State University
Email: pdshabanov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1464-1127
SPIN-code: 8974-7477
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor
Russian Federation, 12 Akademika Pavlova st, Saint Petersburg, 197022; Saint PetersburgReferences
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