Modern technologies for the diagnostics and treatment of hearing diseases (Lecture for pharmacists - in the field of training 38.03.07 “Commodity science”)

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Abstract

The lecture describes the morphofunctional organization of the sound-conducting and sound-receiving structures of the auditory analyzer. The most common types of pathology that lead to impaired functions of the hearing organ are described. Causes and mechanisms of development of two main types of hearing impairment – conductive and sensorineural hearing loss are highlighted. Modern hardware complexes and operational technologies are shown, which are used for the diagnosis and treatment of conductive hearing disorders. Causes and mechanisms of sensorineural hearing loss are highlighted. Microelectronic devices (cochlear implants) and the technology of their transplantation into the affected hearing organ are described. The characteristics of hearing aids, which are most often recommended by experts to patients of various ages with hearing impairment, are given.

About the authors

Alexander I. Tyukavin

Saint Petersburg Chemical and Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: alexander.tukavin@pharminnotech.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5129-4414
SPIN-code: 8476-5366
Scopus Author ID: 6603645369
ResearcherId: V-6699-2017

Doctor of Medicine (MD), Professor, Head of the Department of Physiology and Pathology

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Alexander V. Solomennikov

Saint Petersburg Chemical and Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: aleksandr.solomennikov@pharminnotech.com

Doctor of Medicine (MD), Professor of the Department of Physiology and Pathology

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Sergei Z. Umarov

Saint Petersburg Chemical and Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: sergei.umarov@pharminnotech.com

Doctor of Pharmacy, Professor, Head of the Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Commodity Science

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

References

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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2. Fig. 1. The structure of the organ of hearing

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3. Fig. 2. The structure of the middle ear

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4. Fig. 3. The structure of the inner ear

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5. Fig. 4. The structure of the cochlea. А – snail; Б – cross section of channels

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6. Fig. 5. The structure of the organ of Corti

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7. Fig. 6. Cochlea and auditory cortex of the cerebral hemispheres

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8. Fig. 7. The main contingent of purchasers of hearing aids

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9. Fig. 8. Types of hearing loss and localization of damage to the organ of hearing

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10. Fig. 9. Sulfur plug

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11. Fig. 10. Rupture of the eardrum

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12. Fig. 11. Otosclerosis

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13. Fig. 12. Otoscopy

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14. Fig. 13. Audiometry

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15. Fig. 14. Tympanometry

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16. Fig. 15. MRI examination of the middle and inner ear

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17. Fig. 16. Operating microscope for ENT surgery

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18. Fig. 17. Prosthetics of the auditory ossicles

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19. Fig. 18. Diagram of the device of the hearing aid

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20. Fig. 19. Passive hearing aid

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21. Fig. 20. Semi-implanted hearing aid

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22. Fig. 21. Schematic diagram of a cochlear implant

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23. Fig. 22. Cochlear implant

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24. Fig. 23. CT-radiograph of a patient after cochlear implantation

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25. Fig. 24. General view and main structural components of the hearing aid

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26. Fig. 25. Appearance of the hearing aid installed in the ear canal

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27. Fig. 26. Behind the ear hearing aid

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28. Fig. 27. Pocket hearing aid

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29. Fig. 28. In-ear hearing aid

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30. Fig. 29. Invisible hearing aid

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31. Fig. 30. Analog hearing aid

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32. Fig. 31. Digital hearing aid

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