Терапевтический потенциал экзогенных мРНК, кодирующих рекомбинантные антитела против возбудителей вирусных инфекций

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Аннотация

Антитела, продуцируемые иммунной системой человека в ответ на вакцинацию или инвазию патогена, представляют собой существенный, а иногда и единственный инструмент борьбы с вирусными инфекциями. Научные и технологические достижения позволили вывести на биофармацевтический рынок новый класс противовирусных препаратов, являющихся терапевтическими рекомбинантными моноклональными антителами. Однако их потенциал сильно ограничен ввиду невысокой стабильности и агрегации рекомбинантных антител, а также высоких затрат на получение и очистку. За последнее десятилетие технология транзиторной (временной) экспрессии белка in vivo путем доставки в клетки-мишени экзогенной кодирующей его мРНК получила самое широкое распространение. Экзогенные мРНК, кодирующие рекомбинантные антитела, могут обеспечивать стабильную, продолжительную и безопасную трансляцию как полноразмерных антител, так и их разнообразных укороченных форм. Кроме того, мРНК-технологии позволяют реализовывать подходы к разработке новых форм протективных антител, например, внутриклеточных или заякоренных в мембранах конкретных клеток-мишеней. Только за 2024 г. было опубликовано свыше тысячи научных работ, посвященных разработке и использованию мРНК в качестве вакцинных и терапевтических препаратов. В представленном обзоре рассмотрены современные экспериментальные препараты на основе мРНК-кодируемых антител, которые обладают защитными свойствами в отношении вирусных патогенов.

Об авторах

Сергей Анатольевич Клотченко

Научно-исследовательский институт гриппа им. А.А. Смородинцева

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: fosfatik@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0289-6560
SPIN-код: 2632-6195
Россия, Санкт-Петербург

Марина Александровна Плотникова

Научно-исследовательский институт гриппа им. А.А. Смородинцева

Email: biomalinka@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8196-3156
SPIN-код: 2986-9850
Россия, Санкт-Петербург

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