Lesions of brain structures in HIV infection
- Authors: Trofimova T.1,2,3,4, Rassokhin V.V.1,3,5, Leonova O.N.1, Shelomov A.S.1, Yakovlev A.A.6, Azovtseva O.7, Bakulina E.G.2, Belyakov N.A.1,3,5
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Affiliations:
- First Saint Petersburg State Medical University Academician I.P. Pavlova
- Institute of the Human Brain N.P. Bekhtereva RAS
- Institute of Experimental Medicine
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Novgorod State University named after Yaroslav the Wise
- Issue: Vol 19, No 3 (2019)
- Pages: 83-95
- Section: Clinical research
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/MAJ/article/view/15376
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/MAJ19383-95
- ID: 15376
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Abstract
A feature of the HIV epidemic is currently a large number of comorbid and severe forms of the disease, with frequent involvement in the pathological process of the brain. Brain lesions can be primary, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus itself and secondary, due to the development of opportunistic and secondary diseases and tumors. Correct and timely deciphering of the nature of brain damage is necessary for the choice of treatment tactics and as a consequence of reducing mortality.
Objective. To study the radiological manifestations of brain damage in HIV infection in urgent and planned admission of patients to specialized hospitals.
Materials and methods of research. In the work, studies were conducted to study the clinical and radiological manifestations of brain damage in HIV-infected patients admitted to various medical institutions with a diagnosis of HIV infection. Radiation examination of the brain was performed in adult HIV-infected patients (n = 410) using magnetic resonance imaging with intravenous contrast. The final diagnosis was made taking into account clinical, laboratory, radiological studies on the classification of ICD-10 in accordance with the domestic requirements of the formulation of comorbid diagnosis.
Conclusion. To correctly decipher the nature of brain damage, it is necessary to use comprehensive studies including clinical, laboratory and radiation examination methods. Magnetic resonance imaging with intravenous contrast is the method of choice in the examination of the brain in HIV-infected patients.
The structure of brain damage in HIV-infected patients had a different nature: in 54.4% there were signs of the presence of opportunistic and secondary diseases; in 24.9% — signs of HIV encephalopathy; in 13.2% — signs of nonspecific changes in small vessels of the brain, indicating premature aging or abnormal development; in 7.56% signs of involvement of the brain in the pathological process were not detected.
Structure and opportunistic secondary diseases were presented: toxoplasmosis of the brain — 18.3%; herpes lesions — 12.2%; chief of 10.24%; neuroinfection unspecified etiology is 12.2%; cryptococcosis — 4.39%; TB is 2.44%; lymphoma of the brain is 2.44%; MAC infection is 0.24%.
Brain damage in HIV-infected patients is largely characterized by synchronicity (mixed infection in 8.52 %) and multifactorial lesions.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Tatyana Trofimova
First Saint Petersburg State Medical University Academician I.P. Pavlova; Institute of the Human Brain N.P. Bekhtereva RAS; Institute of Experimental Medicine;
Email: trofimova-tn@avaclinic.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4537-042X
SPIN-code: 9733-2755
Doctor of Medical Science, Professor of the Department of Radiology and Radiology; Chief Researcher; V.N.S. of the Department of Ecological Physiology
Saint PetersburgVadim V. Rassokhin
First Saint Petersburg State Medical University Academician I.P. Pavlova; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Email: ras-doc@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1159-0101
SPIN-code: 3390-9457
Doctor of Medical Science, Professor, Department of Socially Significant Infections; Head of the Laboratory of Chronic Viral Infections of the Department of Environmental Physiology; leading researcher
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgOlga N. Leonova
First Saint Petersburg State Medical University Academician I.P. Pavlova
Email: aidscentr@zdrav.spb.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4661-5591
SPIN-code: 8842-3610
PhD, Associate Professor of the of the Department of Socially Significant Infections
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgAlexey S. Shelomov
First Saint Petersburg State Medical University Academician I.P. Pavlova
Email: shelomov_rambov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0019-6536
SPIN-code: 2495-5601
Assistant of the Department of Socially Significant Infections
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgAleksey A. Yakovlev
Saint Petersburg State University
Email: a.yakovlev@spbu.ru
SPIN-code: 1660-1087
Doctor of Medical Science, Professor of Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Dermatovenerology Department of the Medical Faculty
Saint PetersburgOlga Azovtseva
Novgorod State University named after Yaroslav the Wise
Author for correspondence.
Email: olga-azovtseva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5548-7819
SPIN-code: 5724-9916
PhD, Associate Professor
Russian Federation, Veliky NovgorodEkaterina G. Bakulina
Institute of the Human Brain N.P. Bekhtereva RAS
Email: bakulina26region@gmail.com
Post-Graduate Student of the Institute of Human Brain. N.P. Bekhtereva of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Radiation diagnostics. Radiation therapy
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgNikolay A. Belyakov
First Saint Petersburg State Medical University Academician I.P. Pavlova; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Email: beliakov.akad.spb@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2006-2255
SPIN-code: 5974-2630
Doctor of Medical Science, Professor, Academician of RAS, Head of Department of Socially Significant Infections; Chief Researcher; Head of North-West District Centre for the Prevention and Control
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgReferences
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