使用R语言进行研究假设检验

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对于现代科学家来说,统计数据处理的能力越来越重要。用于统计分析的开源软 件(open-source software)的明显优势是可用性和多功能性。在免费的解决方案中, R语言和相关软件大有可为,可作为一个最简控制台界面或作为一个完全合格的开发环境RStudio/Posit。

我们提供一份使用R语言工具比较两组数据的实用指南,以COVID-19的标准电子计算机断层扫描和低剂量电脑断层扫描的有效剂量比较为例。本指南简略地总结了医学数据处理的理论方法,以及正确制定研究目标和选择最佳统计分析方法的建议。

本实用指南的主要目的是通过一个解决真实医学问题的实际例子向读者介绍Posit界面和R语言的基本功能。所介绍的材料在借助R语言工具掌握统计分析的初始阶段可以有益处。

作者简介

Ivan A. Blokhin

Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine

Email: i.blokhin@npcmr.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2681-9378
SPIN 代码: 3306-1387
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Maria R. Kodenko

Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine; Bauman Moscow State Technical University

Email: KodenkoMR@zdrav.mos.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0166-3768
SPIN 代码: 5789-0319
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

Yuliya F. Shumskaya

Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine; The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University

Email: ShumskayaYF@zdrav.mos.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8521-4045
SPIN 代码: 3164-5518
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

Anna P. Gonchar

Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine

Email: a.gonchar@npcmr.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5161-6540
SPIN 代码: 3513-9531
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Roman V. Reshetnikov

Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: r.reshetnikov@npcmr.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9661-0254
SPIN 代码: 8592-0558

Cand. Sci. (Phys-Math)

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

参考

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补充文件

附件文件
动作
1. JATS XML
2. 图1。Posit界面,显示控制台、环境和文件管理器的区域。

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3. 图2。导入文件后的Posit界面:在屏幕上的左上象限中出现了一个加载了数据集列的窗口,在右上象限中显示了列数(variables)和行数(obs.,来自英语的observations——观察资料)。

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4. 图3。为CT有效剂量创建一个单独的变量,显示每个指令元素的功能。

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5. 图4。导入文件并指定变量后的Posit窗口:在右上象限中出现了新变量,每个变量的前五个数值都有预览;在左下象限中出现了执行命令的控制台界面。

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6. 图5。带有Posit控制台界面的区域。通过夏皮罗-威尔克检验进行的数据正态分布检验。

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7. 图6。进行威尔科克森符号秩检验,显示每个指令元素的功能。

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8. 图7。通过威尔科克森符号秩检验进行无效假设检验。

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