Hypothesis testing using R

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Competencies in statistical data processing are becoming increasingly important for modern scientists. The apparent advantages of open-source software for statistical analysis are its accessibility and adaptability. The programming language and the corresponding software R, available as a minimalistic console interface or a complete development environment RStudio/Posit, have the widest possibilities among free solutions.

We present a practical guide for comparing two groups using the software R. This study compares the effective doses of standard computed tomography with low-dose computed tomography for COVID-19 patients. The practical guide summarizes theoretical approaches to medical data processing and recommendations for correctly formulating research tasks and selecting optimal statistical analysis methods.

The main goal of the practical guide is to introduce the reader to the Posit interface and the basic functionality of the R language by using a practical example of treating a real medical problem. The presented material can be useful as an introduction to statistical analysis using the programming language R.

Sobre autores

Ivan Blokhin

Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine

Email: i.blokhin@npcmr.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2681-9378
Código SPIN: 3306-1387
Rússia, Moscow

Maria Kodenko

Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine; Bauman Moscow State Technical University

Email: KodenkoMR@zdrav.mos.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0166-3768
Código SPIN: 5789-0319
Rússia, Moscow; Moscow

Yuliya Shumskaya

Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine; The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University

Email: ShumskayaYF@zdrav.mos.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8521-4045
Código SPIN: 3164-5518
Rússia, Moscow; Moscow

Anna Gonchar

Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine

Email: a.gonchar@npcmr.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5161-6540
Código SPIN: 3513-9531
Rússia, Moscow

Roman Reshetnikov

Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: r.reshetnikov@npcmr.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9661-0254
Código SPIN: 8592-0558

Cand. Sci. (Phys-Math)

Rússia, Moscow

Bibliografia

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1. JATS XML
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2. Fig. 1. The Posit interface shows areas of the console, environment, and files.

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3. Fig. 2. The Posit interface after importing the file. In the upper-left quadrant of the screen, a window with loaded columns of the data set. In the upper-right quadrant, the number of columns (variables) and rows (obs., observations).

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4. Fig. 3. Generating a separate variable for the effective dose of computed tomography with the functions of each command element is indicated.

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5. Fig. 4. The Posit window after importing the file and assigning values to the variables. In the upper-right quadrant, new variables with preview of the first five values in each. In the lower-left quadrant, a console interface for commands.

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6. Fig. 5. Area with Posit console interface. Testing for normal data distribution using the Shapiro−Wilk test.

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7. Fig. 6. Using a Wilcoxon with functions of each command element indicated.

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8. Fig. 7. Testing the null hypothesis of the study using the Wilcoxon test.

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Declaração de direitos autorais © Eco-Vector, 2023

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Este artigo é disponível sob a Licença Creative Commons Atribuição–NãoComercial–SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional.

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