Study of mechanisms and approaches to incretin-based therapy for obesity in children

Аннотация

This study highlights data on the increasing role of incretins in interdisciplinary therapy for endocrinopathies, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which affects carbohydrate metabolism, insulin secretion, and other metabolic processes. The mechanisms of secretion, biological activity, and degradation of these peptides are described, along with their role in regulating appetite, gastrointestinal motility, and carbohydrate metabolism. This information allows for a comprehensive understanding of the effects of synthetic GLP-1 analogs. We also explore modern approaches to treating obesity in children and adolescents, including the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists such as liraglutide. It presents the results of a clinical study confirming the effectiveness and safety of liraglutide in reducing body weight and improving metabolic indicators in children with obesity. It is shown that liraglutide not only promotes weight loss but also has cardioprotective effects, improving lipid profiles and reducing blood pressure. The efficacy of liraglutide in children aged 12–18 with obesity was amount to 43.3 - 76.5%. The prevalence of hypertension in obese children decreased from 30.9% to 4.8%, carbohydrate metabolism disorders from 41.1% to 19.4%, dyslipidemia from 20.6% to 9.7%. Liraglutide reduces the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events by 13–22% in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk. This effect is attributed to moderate blood pressure reduction, improved lipid profiles, enhanced endothelial function, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Additionally, the article discusses the prospects for using GLP-1 receptor agonists in cardiology, including their ability to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity.