On the issue of distinguishing adverbs and particles (using the example of the word «bukvalno»)

the article is devoted to the actual problem of distinguishing particles and adverbs as grammatical classes of words in the Russian language, the genetic and functional-semantic connections of which determine the permeability of boundaries between them in certain areas, which leads to the existence of multifunctional, homonymous, hybrid units. This issue is considered using the example of the functioning of a multifunctional word “bukvalno” in various syntagmatic and contextual conditions. The criteria for distinguishing the adverbial and particular realizations of this unit are systematized. The author identifies and analyzes the usages of this word, the grammatical qualification of which is difficult. The grammatical status of a word is justified “bukvalno” as a functional unit – a particle – in cases of expressing the meaning ‘in the literal sense of the word’, as well as intonation and punctuation design of this unit by the type of an insertion or parcel component. The article proves the possibility of the functioning of the research object as a hybrid word, which has a set of some formal features inherent in the adverb, and at the same time expresses a communicative and pragmatic meaning in conditions of uncharacteristic compatibility for the adverb. The results of the research can be used to study the functioning of other units that have a multifunctional or hybrid nature and are involved in the processes of pragmaticalization, grammaticalization, and particularization in modern Russian.

particles, adverbs, multifunctional words, hybrid usages, semantics, pragmatics, syntagmatics