No 1 (2024)

 The article is devoted to the formation of modern views on the psy chology of health as a positive characteristic of human functioning. The first approaches to the definition of norm, or health, in the context of psychol ogy and related sciences, the formation of views on the social construction of the concepts of health and illness in philosophy (M. Foucault), sociology (E. Goffman) and psychiatry (T. Szasz), the emergence of the concept of pos itive mental health in humanistic psychology in the 1950s–1970s (A. Maslow, C. Rogers, M. Jahoda, S. Jourard) are considered. Special attention is paid to the development of views on positive health in the context of positive psycholo gy in the last 20–30 years in the works of M. Seligman, as well as G. Vaillant, Ryff, C. Keyes, C. Peterson, etc. Positive health is viewed through the prism of positive personal resources, which perform a buffer (preventive) function in relation to the risks of physical and mental diseases. The data of metaanalyses revealing the contribution of positive personal resources to disease prevention, longevity support, and the promotion of physical and mental health are pre sented. Positive personality resources such as character strengths, positive emo tions and traits, and attitudes toward life directly influence health characteris tics, susceptibility and resistance to disease, and even mortality. Psychological health as an integral characteristic of the fullness of psychological functioning of an individual is determined through maturity, safety and activity of person ality selfregulation mechanisms, the measure of a person’s ability to transcend his/her biological, social and meaningrelated determinacy, acting as an active and autonomous agent in the changing world.

A growing body of research shows that the concepts of both character traits and goals are important for understanding individual differences in behavior, however, there are relatively few studies exploring how they relate to each other in specific life situations. The objective of the present study was to examine the interaction between dispositional characteristics, goal determinants and situational parameters in the event of situational incongruency, which led to a discrepancy between expectations and changed affordances for goal achievement. In the course of study, participants (N = 328) first provided trait self-ratings (NEO PI-R and NEO FFI Five-Factor Personality Traits Questionnaire), after which they determined perceived affordances to achieve their goals in the situations congruent (CS) and non-congruent (NCS) to the original goals using the tool “Situational 8 Diamonds”. As an experimental stimulus material, we used an original set of 4 pairs of situational vignettes, developed by the authors, relating to the main spheres of life. The outcomes of the study indicate that situational determinants, such as the emergence of incongruity of goals and situational affordances, substantially affect the perception of the situation and the manifestation of stable dispositions. The findings suggest that individuals’ assessment of situational affordances is contextual, and situations are evaluated depending on the context to which they belong. The statistical analysis showed that the change in situational affordances to achieve personal goals explained the manifestation of personal dispositions. In case of emergence of situational changes that prevent the achievement of the initial goals of a person, almost all situational characteristics revealed a decrease in the assessment of their affordances. The exception is a sharp increase in the assessments of the situation on the “Negativity” scale. The NCS situations that create obstacles to the achievement of an individual’s goals were perceived, as expected, as unfavorable and negative. Personal dispositions turn out to be a significant factor in the perception of situations, although they are manifested in different ways with the situational change. The conducted research confirmed the effectiveness of using the Situational 8 Diamonds scale to study the perception of situations and situational influences on human goals and behavior.

The current issue of migration from a purely existential humanistic perspective is discussed in the article. A particular emphasis is given to the theoretical prerequisites for the implementation of this approach. The notion of migration, as an aspect of the human life cycle, holds the status of a bifurcation point, and its persistence is attributed to the migrant’s abilities for semantic self-explanation of the rationales behind their continuous migration throughout its various stages. The objective of this article was to scrutinize the outcomes of a study examining the correlation between the prospects of goal setting, the forecast of migration duration, and the vision of the future of migrants with distinct types of semantic justifications for the continuation of the migration project. Namely, these types include migrants with a clear motivation to migrate, migrants who lack a semantic self-explanation for the continuation of migration, migrants who are in migration for the sake of relatives, and migrant refugees. The main determinants of the significance of the vision of the future in the context of migration are outlined. The issue of limiting or minimizing the likelihood of future migration-related opportunities is examined. It is argued that the prospects of setting goals and planning the expected timing of migration are key elements in shaping migrants’ vision of the future. The main semantic categories that make up the vision of the future are identified and their correlation when combined into a holistic image is explored. The article describes the characteristic features of the vision of the future for each of the migrant groups, divided according to the principle of semantic self-explanation for the continuation of migration. Future vision configurations are created for each group representative. The analysis helps to establish the relationship between the leading semantic component of the justification for continued migration, the planning horizon, the contemplated prospects of migration, and the migrants’ vision of the future.

The features of the digital everyday life of girls aged 17–21 are discussed in the article. The spatial, situational and temporal characteristics of smartphone use in everyday life are varied. One of the phenomena of modern communication associated with distraction by a gadget during communication is phubbing. Manifestations of phubbing can be considered, on the one hand, as one of the problematic forms of gadget use associated with smartphone addiction, on the other hand, as a form of acceptable everyday life in mixed reality, which is becoming the norm of communication. It was discovered that in the social space the manifestation of phubbing is subject to certain norms, determined by the peculiarities of perception of the communication situation and the interlocutor. New social contexts associated with virtual space contribute to the rapid transformation of communication norms that determine the spatiotemporal parameters of communication. Distraction on the phone is built into the fabric of communication as a tool for transmitting verbal and non-verbal information, as a tool for social perception and a tool that determines the nature of interaction with people, taking into account the social context. The results of the empirical study demonstrate a pronounced dependence on the smartphone and a low level of self-control in the space of using the gadget. A connection was found between the manifestation of phubbing and telephone addiction and the skill of self-control in the daily practice of using a smartphone. The manifestation of phubbing is directly related to addiction and inversely related to self-control in the space of smartphone use. The severity of telephone use for communication purposes is associated with the value of self-control in the identity structure. Connections between some features of identity, the value sphere and digital everyday life among girls aged 17–21 were discovered.

Discussed by Ph.D. S.M. Fatemi psychology of the inner peace is based on an in-depth understanding of humanness and its innerness. This psychology seeks to lead modern man to an understanding of the unity of planetary life, to the common deep roots of the people inhabiting the planet, as well as to comprehend ways to achieve harmony of the inner peace. Criticizing the European and American intellectual traditions in psychology for excessive rationalism and pragmatism, S.M. Fatemi contrasts the Western approach with ideas about humanness, spirituality and heartfulness, developed in the context of Eastern philosophical, religious and mystical teachings. The book takes a new look at the concepts of “heart” and “heartfulness”, which are presented in psychology only as metaphorical constructs. S.M. Fatemi shows that the focus of psychology on cognitive achievements, linearity, analyticity and causality often overlooks difficult-to-objectify, but extremely important for the development of humanity phenomena: compassion, mercy, benevolence and kindness. Although these psychological qualities are the very essence of humanism, modern psychology lacks an approach that puts humanness at the forefront. According to S.M. Fatemi, such a direction in psychology can be the psychology of peace. The word “peace” has two meanings in Russian: the universe, global world, the way of existence of humanity united on the planet, the living and social space of human development, as well as peace as a state of mind, tranquility and peace of mind, peaceful coexistence of individuals and entire nations, avoidance of hostility, conflicts and wars. In his book, S. Fatemi proves that the conscious cultivation of a special psychological quality of a person – heartfulness – ultimately contributes to world peace.

The paper examined 1) the replacement of the VUCA model of the world by the BANI explanatory model, each of which offers its main strategies for responding to the challenges of modernity; 2) how they manifest themselves in transformations of the individual style of daily life of younger generations, which ultimately contributes to the achievement of personal resilience in a fragile and changeable world. Based on the analysis of the results of the sociological research aimed at studying the redefinition and redefinition of the concept of "Wellness" by Millennials and Generation Z, as well as analyzing the rating of the main types of everyday practices of maintaining their mental health by younger generations, the following trends in the transformations of the individual style of everyday life of the everyday person aimed at maintaining the sustainability and well-being of the individual were identified: 1) reorientation from the previous standards of perfection of appearance and external well-being to one's inner state, one's own needs of mind and body; 2) refusing to follow rigid rules in favor of flexibility, awareness, and intuition; 3) recognition of the uniqueness of each individual and the lack of universal ways of achieving well-being, equally useful for all, the need for individualization; 4) choosing and constructing their individual ways of maintaining well-being and wellness, which aim to maintain personal resilience and fold into an individualized lifestyle. In these transformations of everyday life we can see answers to the challenges of the BANI-world – how flexibility, empathy, awareness, intuition and understanding of context are reflected at the level of daily routine. At the same time, "a changing person in a changing world" not only passively reflects the changes taking place, but at the same time is the subject of changes himself, constructing a new picture of the world, which is embodied in the transformation of everyday life and the development of new practices of everyday life.

At the conference "Personality Psychology: Cultural Practices of Human Potential Development" within the section "Personality Stability in a Fragile and Changing World," the results of an empirical study on changes in the digital identity of youth from 2018 to 2022 were presented. The formation of digital identity among youth in today's technological society occurs through user activity in the digital space. Individuals come to self-awareness through digital images constructed in the information space, these self-representations are characterized by flexibility and variability, undergoing constant changes during personal communication in the digital environment (Andreeva, 2022; Chernavin, 2022).

The aim of the report is to demonstrate changes in the content and status of the digital identity of contemporary youth over several years. During the period from 2018 to 2022, we organized and conducted a series of identity formation studies using methods such as "Who Am I," "Me in the Past. Me in the Present. Me in the Future," the author's projective drawing technique "Information Space" (Identity and socialization in the modern world, 2015), and semi-structured interviews. A total of 307 individuals participated in the study. Through the analysis of respondents' self-descriptions, we identified "informational, digital" self-descriptions, which we categorized into five spheres of activity: self-descriptions using digital technology for entertainment; use of digital technology for productive purposes; digital technology for communication; digital technology for searching and obtaining information; digital technology for self-presentation and personal activities. Similar self-descriptions were found in the responses of 59% of respondents in 2018, 75% in 2020, and 87% of young people in 2022.

It is noteworthy that the majority of respondents who participated in the study in 2020 and 2021 quickly and easily adapted to the increase and expansion of spheres of digital activity and the transition to distance and hybrid forms of learning due to the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. However, there were those who encountered difficulties of both subjective and objective nature. Subjective experiences voiced by study participants include problems with concentration on studies, procrastination, a sense of tension due to the unchanging environment and routine. Objective difficulties include the lack of opportunity for solitude due to cramped living conditions, the constant presence of younger siblings, and other relatives at home.

In 2022, we obtained data showing that among the respondents there was a "migration" of users to other social networks not subject to legislative restrictions. Active users of prohibited social networks noted the necessity of using VPN services, as well as the spread of phenomena such as doomscrolling/doomsurfing, hate speech in the space of social networks, associated with concerns about political and social changes in the country and the world.