Prospects for the Development of a System for Ensuring the Uniformity of Mass Measurements Based on the Planck Constant in the Low Mass Range (Less than 1 g)

   The article examines the prospects for the development of mass measurement systems in the low mass range (less than 1 g) based on the Planck constant. The focus is on new measurement methods, including watt balance with electromagnetic and electrostatic gravity compensation. These systems are based on fundamental physical principles and provide an opportunity to avoid the accumulation of errors specific to traditional methods of transferring a unit of mass through weights. The author describes in detail the principles of operation of watt balance, including design features such as the use of laser interferometers to measure displacements and voltage control systems. The article emphasizes the relevance of developing domestic low mass measuring systems in Russia, which is due to the need to improve the accuracy of measurements in such areas as analytical chemistry, biotechnology and nanotechnology. It is noted that the transition to methods based on fundamental physical constants will significantly improve metrological support, minimize errors and create a new generation of weighing equipment. The work carried out at VNIIM is aimed at developing and researching small mass measurement systems based on new principles that are not inferior in characteristics to the best foreign analogues. The author highlights the importance of calibrating such systems through standards of electrical quantities, which ensures their reliability and validity. The proposed solutions represent a significant contribution to the development of metrology.

kilogram, Planck’s constant, watt balance (Kibble balance), comparator, electrostatic force, measuring system