Structural organization of competitive activities in team sports: a systems approach to multi-level analysis

materials and methods: this study utilizes a theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the structural organization of competitive activity in team sports for the period 2010–2025. To systematize data on the multilevel structure of team interactions, methods of system analysis, comparative analysis of theoretical concepts, and structural-functional analysis of competitive activity models were used. The methodological basis of the study was a systems approach with an emphasis on the study of the macro-, meso-, and micro-level components of team gaming activity, the phase structure of competitive processes, and the patterns of nonlinear dynamics of sports competition. Results: It was established that competitive activity in team sports is characterized by a three-level hierarchical structure: the macrolevel (team strategy and tactics, game systems, strategic priorities), the mesolevel (group tactical interactions, combination systems, coordinated actions of subgroups of players) and the microlevel (individual technical and tactical actions, motor activity, psychophysiological manifestations). A cyclical phase structure of game activity was revealed, including four main phases: possession of the initiative, defensive counteraction, positive transition and negative transition. Key characteristics of the nonlinear dynamics of competitive processes are determined: the unpredictability of the development of game situations, the multiplicity of paths to achieving results, the emergent properties of team interactions and the self-organization of the system under the influence of internal and external constraints. The internal and external factors affecting the effectiveness of competitive activity are systematized, highlighting their specific impact on team performance. Conclusion: The conducted systems analysis revealed the complex, multi-component nature of competitive activity in team sports, requiring a multi-level approach to analyzing and managing team processes. Priority areas for practical application are identified: developing differentiated training methods for each level of system organization, creating specialized preparation programs for various phases of game activity, implementing adaptive management strategies that take into account the nonlinear nature of competitive processes, and developing integrated systems for monitoring the effectiveness of team system functioning. The results of the study can be used by coaches and sports training specialists to improve competitive analysis methodology, optimize training processes, and enhance the effectiveness of team interaction management in team sports.

competitive activity, team sports, systems approach, multi-level structure, tactical interactions, nonlinear dynamics