Monitoring the baric modulation of gas concentration in the Baksan Neutrino Observatory tunnel in the Elbrus Region using a differential absorption lidar

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Abstract

For the first time, concentrations of gases 12CO2,13CO2, СН4, Н2О and the dynamics of Earth degassing under the changing atmospheric pressure were remotely analyzed using a differential absorption lidar. To reduce the influence of external meteorological factors, the sensing was carried out in a dead-end tunnel of the Baksan Neutrino Observatory of the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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About the authors

S. M. Pershin

Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: pershin@kapella.gpi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

E. I. Gordeev

Institute of Volcanology and Seismology Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pershin@kapella.gpi.ru

Academician of the RAS

Russian Federation, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

M. Ya. Grishin

Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pershin@kapella.gpi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

V. A. Zavozin

Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pershin@kapella.gpi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

V. S. Makarov

Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pershin@kapella.gpi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

N. N. Lednev

Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pershin@kapella.gpi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

Ya. Ya. Ponurovskiy

Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pershin@kapella.gpi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

D. B. Stavrovskii

Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pershin@kapella.gpi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. A. Ushakov

Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pershin@kapella.gpi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

V. V. Kazalov

Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pershin@kapella.gpi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of a dead-end tunnel at the end of the auxiliary tunnel of the Baksan Neutrino Observatory.

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3. Fig. 2. Block diagram of a differential absorption lidar based on near-infrared diode lasers for measuring gas concentrations: 1 – laser radiation unit, 2 – control unit, data reception and processing, 3 – receiving and transmitting optical system with fiber input, 4 – analytical signal detector, 5 – diode module laser, 6 – fiber splitter, 7 – comparison cuvette with Fabry-Perot interferometer, 8 – comparison signal detector, 9 – digital programmable module, 10 – DAC and ADC module, 11 – analog signal converter module, 12 – fiber optic cable.

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4. Fig. 3. a) A general view of the differential absorption lidar receiving and transmitting unit, b) an electronic lidar control unit with a computer at the top, on the monitor of which examples of laser frequency tuning by changing the pump current are shown.

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5. Fig. 4. Variations in atmospheric pressure, concentrations of gases CH4,12CO2 and 13CO2, H2O and the ratio 13CO2/12CO2.

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6. Fig. 5. Examples of the “pumping effect” with pressure surges of 1.5 (a) and 3 (b) mmHg in the dead-end tunnel of the BNR in 2023: pressure change – pink line 1, CO2 concentration – green line 2, H2O concentration – blue line 3.

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