PROPAGATION OF INTERMEDIATE WATERS IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC
- Authors: Samborskaja Y.T1, Demidov A.N1, Dobrolyubov S.A1
-
Affiliations:
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography
- Issue: Vol 524, No 2 (2025)
- Pages: 317-326
- Section: OCEANOLOGY
- Submitted: 08.12.2025
- Published: 15.10.2025
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2686-7397/article/view/356843
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.7868/S3034506525100174
- ID: 356843
Cite item
Abstract
Based on the latest data on temperature, salinity and current velocities obtained during the 64th cruise of P/V “Akademik Ioffe” in November 2023, hydrological sections from the WODB23 database and the GLORYS12v1 reanalysis, the circulation patterns of the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Mediterranean Sea Water (MSW) in the subtropical part of the North Atlantic were constructed. It is shown that the MSW in the studied area moves in a system of several large gyres, while the movement of the AAIW occurs mainly along the coasts of Africa and America with the presence of quasi-latitudinal transport between these branches in the tropical part of the Atlantic. The distribution limits of Antarctic Intermediate Water can vary from 20 to 45° N. The southern boundary of the distribution of Mediterranean Sea Water is not the 35 PSU isolaline, but the area of its transition into the deep layer. The boundary between the AAIW and the MSW is a zone from 20 to 45° N, where both water masses are present. The obtained limits of distribution of intermediate waters differ from the classical boundaries and complement the ideas about the structure and circulation of waters in the intermediate layer.
About the authors
Ya. T Samborskaja
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography
Author for correspondence.
Email: yana.samborskaya.02@mail.ru
Moscow, Russia
A. N Demidov
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography
Email: yana.samborskaya.02@mail.ru
Moscow, Russia
S. A Dobrolyubov
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography
Email: yana.samborskaya.02@mail.ru
Academician of the RAS
Moscow, RussiaReferences
- Добролюбов С.А. Компоненты меридионального переноса пресной воды и тепла в Атлантическом океане // Океанология. 1994. Т. 34. № 1. С. 19–24.
- Broecker W., Blanton S., Smethie W. et al. Radiocarbon decay and oxygen utilization in the Deep Atlantic Ocean // Global geochemical cycles. 1991. V. 5. № 1. P. 87–117.
- Кукса В.И. Промежуточные воды Мирового океана. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1983.
- Bashmachnikov A., Nascimento A., Neves F. et al. Distribution of intermediate water masses in the subtropical northeast Atlantic // Ocean Science. 2015. V. 11. P. 803–827. https://doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-769-2015
- Демидов А.Н. О выделении промежуточных и глубинных водных масс в Южной Атлантике // Океанология. 2003. Т. 43. № 2. С. 165–175.
- Филюшкин Б.Н., Алейник Д.Л., Демидов А.Н. и др. Особенности формирования и распространения Средиземноморской водной массы на промежуточных глубинах Атлантического океана // Водные массы океанов и морей. 2007. С. 92–129.
- Jiménez-Rincón A., Cianca A., Ferrero-Martín C. et al. Glider View of the Spreading and Mixing Processes of Antarctic Intermediate Water in the Northeastern Subtropical Atlantic // Marine Science and Engineering. 2023. V. 11. 576. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030576
- Добролюбов С.А. Антарктические промежуточные воды в Мировом океане. Дисс. канд. геогр. наук: 11.00.08. М., 1983. 168 с.
- Liu M., Tanhua T. Water masses in the Atlantic Ocean: characteristics and distributions // Ocean Science. 2021. V. 17. P. 463–486. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-463-2021
- Morozov E., Demidov A., Tarakanov R. et al. Abyssal Channels in the Atlantic Ocean. Water Structure and Flows // Springer Science + Business Media. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9358-5
- Schmitz W. On the World Ocean Circulation. Volume 1. Some Global Features / North Atlantic Circulation. Woods hole oceanographic institution MA, 1996. № WHO1-96-08. VI. 143 p.
- Largue L., Maamataataiahutapu K., Garçon V. On the intermediate and deep-water flows in the South Atlantic Ocean // Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 1997. V. 102. № C6. P. 12425–12440.
- Филюшкин Б.Н., Лебедев К.В., Кожелунова Н.Г. Обнаружение промежуточных Средиземноморских вод в Атлантическом океане по наблюдениям поплавков APTO // Океанология. 2017. Т. 57. № 6. С. 847–857. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0030157417060016
- Mishonov A.V. et al. World Ocean Database 2023. C. Bouchard, Technical Ed., NOAA Atlas NESDIS. 2024. V. 97. 206 p. https://doi.org/10.25923/z885-h264
- Lellouche J., Greiner E., Bourdallé-Badie R. et al. The Copernicus Global 1/12° Oceanic and Sea Ice GLORYS12 Reanalysis // Earth Sciences. 2021. V. 9. 698876. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.698876
- Pérez F., Mintrop L., Llindó O. et al. Mixing analysis of nutrients, oxygen and inorganic carbon in the Canary Islands region // Journal of Marine Systems. 2001. V. 28. P. 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00003-3
- van Aken H. The hydrography of the mid-latitude northeast Atlantic Ocean. I: The deep-water masses // Deep-Sea Research I. 2000. V. 47. P. 757–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0637(99)00092-8
- Демидов А. Н., Артамонов К. В., Крашенинникова С. Б. и др. Структура вод и ее изменчивость в проходе Кейн экваториальной Атлантики // Океанология. 2024. Т. 520. № 1. С. 137–147. https://doi.org/10.31857/S2686739725010151
Supplementary files


