New type of gland discovered in cestodes: neurosecretory neurons release a secret into the fish host

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription Access

Abstract

In 5 species of cestode plerocercoids parasitizing fish, free endings of peripheral neurosecretory neurons were found in the tegument in the ultrastructural study. These free terminals secreted vesicles on the tegument surface and into the host body. An increase in secretion under the influence of the blood serum of a fish host has been experimentally shown. In the body of cestodes, neurosecretory neurons (NN) form paracrine-type contacts near the cell membranes of the frontal glands, tegument, and muscles, performing the function of endocrine glands. Simultaneously, NN function as exocrine glands and secrete so-called manipulative factors that influence the physiology of the host.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

N. M. Biserova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: nbiserova@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

I. A. Kutyrev

Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nbiserova@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Ulan-Ude

V. V. Malakhov

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: nbiserova@yandex.ru

Academician of the RAS

Russian Federation, Moscow

References

  1. Berger C. S., Laroche J., Maaroufi H., et al. The parasite Schistocephalus solidus secretes proteins with putative host manipulation functions // Parasites Vectors. 2021. V. 14. P. 436.
  2. Talarico M., Seifert F., Lange J., et al. Specific manipulation or systemic impairment? Behavioural changes of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) infected with the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus // Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2017. V. 71. P. 1–10.
  3. Kutyrev I. A., Biserova N. M., Mazur O. E., et al. Experimental study of ultrastructural mechanisms and kinetics of tegumental secretion in cestodes parasitizing fish (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) // J. Fish Dis. 2021. V. 44 (8). P. 1237–1254.
  4. Kuperman B. I., Davydov V. G. The fine structure of frontal glands in adult Cestodes // Int. J. Parasitol. 1982. V. 12 (4). P. 285–293.
  5. McCullough J.S., Fairweather I. The fine structure and possible functions of scolex gland cells in Trilocularia acanthiaevulgaris (Cestoda, Tetraphyllidea) // Parasitol. Res. 1989. V. 75. P. 575–582.
  6. Brunanská M., Fagerholm H. P., Gustaffson M. K.S. Ultrastructure studies of Proteocephalus longicollis (Cestoda, Proteocephalidea): transmission electron microscopy of scolex glands // Parasitol. Res. 2000. V. 86. P. 717–723.
  7. Mustafina A. R., Biserova N. M. Pyramicocephalus phocarum (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea): the ultrastructure of the tegument, glands, and sensory organs // Invertebrate Zoology. 2017. V. 14 (2). P. 154–161.
  8. Biserova N. M., Mustafina A. R., Raikova O. I. The neuro-glandular brain of the Pyramicocephalus phocarum plerocercoid (Cestoda, Diphyllobothriidea): immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study // Zoology (Jena). 2022. V. 152. P. 1–17.
  9. Webb R.A, Davey K. G. Ciliated sensory receptors of the unactivated metacestode of Hymenolepis microstoma // Tissue and Cell. 1974. V. 6 (4). P. 587–598.
  10. Fairweather I., Threadgold L. T. Hymenolepis nana: the fine structure of the adult nervous system // Parasitology. 1983. V. 86 (1). P. 89–103.
  11. Okino T., Hatsushika R. Ultrastructure studies on the papillae and the nonciliated sensory receptors of adult Spirometra erinacei (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea) // Parasitol. Res. 1994. V. 80. P. 454–458.
  12. Biserova N. M., Gordeev I. I., Korneva J. V. Where are the sensory organs of Nybelinia surmenicola (Trypanorhyncha)? A comparative analysis with Parachristianella sp. and other trypanorhynchean cestodes // Parasitol. Res. 2016. V. 115. P. 131–141.
  13. Kutyrev I. A., Biserova N. M., Olennikov D. N., et al. Prostaglandins E2 and D2-regulators of host immunity in the model parasite Diphyllobothrium dendriticum: An immunocytochemical and biochemical study // Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 2017. V. 212. P. 33–45.
  14. Webb R. A. Evidence for neurosecretory cells in the cestode Hymenolepis microstoma // Can. J. Zool. 1977. V. 55 (10). P. 1726–1733.
  15. Specian R. D., Lumsden R. D., Ubelaker J. E., et al. A unicellular endocrine gland in cestodes // J. Parasitol. 1979. V. 65 (4). P. 569–578.
  16. Gustafsson M. K.S., Wikgren M. C. Release of neurosecretory material by protrusions of bounding membranes extending through the axolemma in Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Cestoda) // Cell Tissue Res. 1981. V. 220. P. 473–479.
  17. Liu B., Wakuri H., Mutoh K., et al. Ultrastructural study of neurosecretory cells in the nervous system in the cestode (Taenia hydatigena) // Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn. 1996. V. 73 (4). P. 195–204.
  18. Terenina N. B., Poddubnaya L. G., Tolstenkov O. O., et al. An immunocytochemical, histochemical and ultrastructural study of the nervous system of the tapeworm Cyathocephalus truncatus (Cestoda, Spathebothriidea) // Parasitol. Res. 2009. V. 104, P. 267–275.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download
2. Fig. 1. Free terminals in the tegument and neurosecretory neurons (NN). a is a diagram of the structure of the ciliary and cup–shaped endings of neurons in the cestode tegument. b – scheme of exo- and endocrine secretion by peripheral NN: 1 – neuromuscular paracrine contact; 2 – exocrine secretion to the surface of the tegument; 3 – contact with the frontal glands of the paracrine type; 4 – secretion in the zone of the basal plate of the tegument. c, d, d – L. alternans: a group of cup-shaped endings (arrows) with secretory vesicles in the tegument (c, d) and a longitudinal section (e) of the neurosecretory terminal (NST) included in the tegument. e – P. phocarum: NST in contact with the tegmental process (T). g – D. dendriticus: paracrine contact of NST with muscles under the tegument (arrows); cv, light vesicles. z – P. phocarum: a neurosecretory neuron (NSN) in contact with the processes of the frontal glands (FG) and muscles (arrows).

Download (1MB)
Indexing metadata

Copyright (c) 2024 Russian Academy of Sciences

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies