The phenomenon of spasticity: what stends behind the simple name?
- Authors: Klimov L.V.1, Skvortsov D.V.1,2,3, Ivanova G.E.1,2
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Affiliations:
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies
- Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov
- Federal Scientific and Clinical Centre for Specialised Medical Care and Medical Technologies
- Issue: Vol 6, No 4 (2024)
- Pages: 360-368
- Section: REVIEWS
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2658-6843/article/view/277520
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.36425/rehab633862
- ID: 277520
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Abstract
Spasticity is one of the most common conditions in individuals with central nervous system damage and a significant contributor to the patient’s recovery. The processes indirectly contributing to this condition include the increased viscosity of hyaluronic acid due to paresis-associated changes in the circulation of extracellular matrix resulting in increased muscle rigidity. This is why spasticity may not be considered solely as a consequence of damage of the central nervous system.
The review aims to verify the phenomenon of spasticity and study the possibility of its objective diagnosis. PubMed and eLibrary databases were used to search for literature.
Analysis of available sources permits to abandon the widespread use of the term “spasticity” by replacing it with “deforming spastic paresis,” which will allow us to cover various pathophysiological attributes and variants of this condition, and, accordingly, reconsider both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to it. Deforming spastic paresis may manifest with varying degrees of severity, in different movement phases, and different muscles.
Despite the rapid development of instrumental methods of diagnosis, there are currently no uniform, general-purpose algorithms used to evaluate deforming spastic paresis. This is also true for the Modified Ashworth Scale and Modified Tardieu Scale used to quantify spasticity in clinical setting as they are reproduced only when the patient does not move, and do not directly evaluate the contribution of this phenomenon to the motor act. Methods involving robot-based test movements for verification appear to be most adequate, since they allow to standardize the method and make it more convenient for specialist assessment.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Leonid V. Klimov
Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies
Author for correspondence.
Email: dr.klimov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1314-3388
SPIN-code: 5618-0734
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)
Russian Federation, MoscowDmitry V. Skvortsov
Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies; Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov; Federal Scientific and Clinical Centre for Specialised Medical Care and Medical Technologies
Email: skvortsov.biom@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2794-4912
SPIN-code: 6274-4448
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow; MoscowGalina E. Ivanova
Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies; Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov
Email: reabilivanova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3180-5525
SPIN-code: 4049-4581
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)
Russian Federation, Moscow; MoscowReferences
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