Interaction of politics and economics in shaping the legal framework for intellectual property protection at the global level

the formation of a global legal framework for intellectual property protection occurs at the intersection of economic interests and political strategies. Developed countries promote strict standards to protect innovations and investments, while developing states seek flexibility to access technologies and knowledge. The relevance lies in conflicts within international organizations such as WIPO and the WTO, where economic power influences legal norms, creating tension between innovation and social justice. The study is based on an analysis of international treaties (Paris and Berne Conventions, TRIPS Agreement), regional agreements (USMCA, CETA), national legislation of key countries, and WTO decisions. Formal-legal, comparative-legal, systemic, and historical-legal methods are applied to study the evolution of norms and the influence of political and economic factors. It has been revealed that historically, the intellectual property legal system served to consolidate the economic superiority of developed countries, as in the case of TRIPS, imposed through trade mechanisms. Conflicts manifest in pharmaceuticals (Doha Declaration), digital technologies, and biopiracy, where political pressure fragments global regulation.

intellectual property, international law, politics, economics, TRIPS