Tourism in Russia: historical experience and modern challenges

the article is devoted to the analysis of the historical evolution of tourism in Russia with an emphasis on its transformation under the influence of socio-economic and political factors. The key stages of the industry's development are considered – from the emergence of individual tourist routes in Ancient Russia to the modern stage of forced reorientation to the domestic market. Special attention is paid to the process of institutionalization of tourism, changing its role in public policy and adaptation mechanisms in the face of external challenges. The study demonstrates that historical experience serves as the basis for the formation of a sustainable model of the tourism industry, capable of effectively using the national cultural and natural potential.

history of tourism, stages of development, Russian tourism, import substitution, state regulation, domestic tourism