The role of the Pirogov Congresses in the formation of the state sanitary service system of Russia (part 1, 1885-1900)

this article examines the role of the Pirogov Congresses in the formation of Russia's public health system from 1885 to 1900. One of their objectives was to petition for the establishment of a supreme medical authority in Russia in the form of an independent Ministry of Health. It is noted that the activities of the Pirogov Congresses were a key step in laying the foundations of the future state system of comparative statistics on general morbidity in the country. It is noted that the topic of the urban crisis was repeatedly raised in terms of the sanitary condition of cities and the living conditions of their populations, demonstrating the high relevance of this socio-environmental issue for the period under review. Key objectives are identified, including a course toward improving medical care for the population based on the practical achievements of zemstvo medicine, the dissemination of hygienic knowledge among the population, the development of the foundations of sanitary statistics, and the need to reform the management system of the medical and sanitary sector by creating an independent Ministry of Public Health. It was concluded that the resolutions of the congresses formed the basis for the programs of activities of sanitary doctors to combat malaria, tuberculosis, infant mortality, and improve the living and working conditions of vulnerable groups of the population.

Pirogov Congresses, doctors, state sanitary service, sanitary education, Sanitary Charter